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Vol. 36 No. 4 (2024): Vol 36 Issue 4, 2024

Copyright (c) 2024 A. Jain, M. Ravichandran, S. Ugrappa, P. Lalitha, Y.S. Wu, S.N.F.M. Noor, S. Fuloria, V. Subramaniyan, N.K. Fuloria

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Synthesis, Characterization and Response of Newer Benzamidine Analogues against Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated Peri-Implantitis

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31103
A. Jain
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
M. Ravichandran
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Vaccine Development (CoEVD), Faculty of Applied Science, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5321-1344
S. Ugrappa
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-2642
P. Lalitha
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9319-4675
Y.S. Wu
Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research & Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-8049
S.N.F.M. Noor
Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-265X
S. Fuloria
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5381-5655
V. Subramaniyan
Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9629-9494
N.K. Fuloria
Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-5212

Corresponding Author(s) : N.K. Fuloria

nfuloria@aimst.edu.my

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 36 No. 4 (2024): Vol 36 Issue 4, 2024

Abstract

Evidence suggests development of various therapeutic strategies against peri-implantitis ranging from plant extracts to synthetic molecules, but the development of resistance and associated side effects motivates the investigators to explore some new therapeutic moieties. Therefore, the present study was aimed to perform the synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of novel benzamidine analogues (NBA) against Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated peri-implantitis. To achieve the objectives of present study, 12 newer benzamidine analogues (NBA) were designed and subjected to molecular docking against Kgp-lysine specific cysteine proteinases gingipain K (PDB ID: 4RBM). Thus in present study, novel benzamidine analogues (NBA) were synthesized, followed by characterization (using attenuated total reflectance infrared, 1H & 13C NMR and direct infusion mass spectral data), in vitro antimicrobial activity (MIC and MBC) of NBA against P. gingivalis (using micro broth dilution method) and in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of NBA against HEK 293 cells (using MTT assay). The study offered successful synthesis of three NBA (3a-c) and elucidated their structures. All the synthesized NBA exhibited good antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis with MIC value ranged between 31.25-250 µg/mL. Also, all NBA exhibited weak/negligible cytotoxicity against HEK 293 cells at 7.81 µg/mL. In conclusion, this study has led to the successful synthesis of effective peri-implantitis inhibitors with no significant toxicity. Present study recommends that, in future, the synthesized NBA should be further evaluated for their clinical importance in the peri-implantitis.

Keywords

Azetidinones β-Lactams Benzamidine Cytotoxicity Peri-implantitis Porphyromonas gingivalis
Jain, A., Ravichandran, M., Ugrappa, S., Lalitha, P., Wu, Y., Noor, S., … Fuloria, N. (2024). Synthesis, Characterization and Response of Newer Benzamidine Analogues against Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated Peri-Implantitis. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 36(4), 829–836. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31103
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