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Removal of Chromium(III) Ions by Raw and Activated Carbon Derived from Mandarin Peel
Corresponding Author(s) : Mashael Alshabanat
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 30 No. 6 (2018): Vol 30 Issue 6
Abstract
Removal of chromium(III) ions was investigated using raw mandarin peel and activated carbon derived from it. The percentage removal of Cr3+ ions was studied as a function of initial concentration of the heavy metal solution, pH and separation time. The results showed that the maximum percentage removal of chromium(III) of 67 % at 0.1 × 10-3 mg/L by raw mandarin peel sample and 80 % at 0.025 × 10-3 mg/L by activated carbon sample, 73 % in alkaline media and 60 % in natural media by activated carbon and raw mandarin peel, respectively; and reached to 67 and 81 % after 30 min of separation time by raw mandarin peel and activated carbon, respectively. Further, the observation also showed an acceptable efficiency for the removal of Cr3+ ions by the both adsorbents, particularly by activated carbon when compared to raw mandarin peel sample.
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References
J. Emsley, The Elements, Oxford University Press, New York (1989).
F.C. Richard and A.C.M. Bourg, Water Res., 25, 807 (1991); https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90160-R.
V.J.P. Vilar, J.A.B. Valle, A. Bhatnagar, J.C. Santos, S.M.A.G.U. de Souza, A.A.U. de Souza, C.M.S. Botelho and R.A.R. Boaventura, Chem. Eng. J., 200, 140 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.023.
M.A. Maine, N.L. Suñé and S.C. Lagger, Water Res., 38, 1494 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.025.
F.A. Pavan, I.S. Lima, E.C. Lima, C. Airoldi and Y. Gushikem, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 527 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.025.
K. Kelly-Vargas, M. Cerro-Lopez, S. Reyna-Tellez, E.R. Bandala and J.L. Sanchez-Salas, Phys. Chem. Earth, 37-39, 26 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.03.006.
D.Z. Husein, Desal. Water Treat., 51, 6761 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.801793.
G.C. Ribeiro, L.M. Coelho, E. Oliveira and N.M.M. Coelho, BioResources, 8, 3309 (2013); https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.3.3309-3321.
R. Rehman, M. Salman, T. Mahmud, F. Kanwal and W. Uz-Zaman, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 35, 611 (2013).
I. Acosta-Rodríguez, E. Coronado-Quintero, J.F.C. González, J. TovarOviedo and V.M. Martínez-Juárez, J. Nat. Sci., 1, 29 (2013).
M.A. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmad Puad and O.S. Bello, Water Resour. Ind., 6, 18 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2014.06.002.
M.A. Salam, M.S.I. Makki and M.Y.A. Abdelaal, J. Alloys Compd., 509, 2582 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.11.094.
J.P. Reymond and F. Kolenda, Powder Technol., 103, 30 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00011-X.
Y.-H. Jo, S.-H. Do, Y.-S. Jang and S.-H. Kong, The Removal of Metal Ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+) using Waste-reclaimed Adsorbent for Plating Wastewater Treatment Process; Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 2, pp. 20-22 (2010).
V. Lugo-Lugo, C. Barrera-Díaz, F. Ureña-Núñez, B. Bilyeu and I. Linares-Hernández, J. Environ. Manage., 112, 120 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.009.
Kh.M. Al-Qahtani, J. Taibah Univ. Sci., 10, 700 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.09.001.
M.E. Ramírez Carmona, M.A. Pereira da Silva, S.G. Ferreira Leite, O.H. Vasco Echeverri and C. Ocampo-López, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 43, 428 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2011.12.002.