Issue

Vol. 30 No. 11 (2018): Vol 30 Issue 11

Copyright (c) 2018 AJC

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Study of Exhaust Emissions from Different Fuels based Vehicles in Lahore City of Pakistan

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21484
Muhammad Tahir Butt
Centre for Environmental Protection Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan
Naeem Abbas
Centre for Environmental Protection Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan
Farah Deeba
Centre for Environmental Protection Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan
Javed Iqbal
Centre for Environmental Protection Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan
Naqi Hussain
Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan
Rauf Ahmed Khan
Centre for Environmental Protection Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Naeem Abbas

naeemchemist@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 30 No. 11 (2018): Vol 30 Issue 11

Abstract

Lahore is a mega city of Pakistan located in South Asia having more than 1.5 million populations. Motor vehicles are the major sources of pollution in this city. This study is focused on the measurement of air pollution levels due to congested traffic in Lahore city. The average results of two-wheeler and four-wheeler vehicles using petrol as fuel showed that the level of CO2 was in the range of 2.20-8.80 %, NO2 from 0.00-83.33 ppm, SO2 99.67-799.33 ppm and hydrocarbons in the range of 77.33-550 ppm. Vehicles using compressed natural gas as fuel showed CO2 was in the range 1.44-9.80 %, NO2, 10.22-25.37 ppm, SO2 zero emissions and hydrocarbons 4.36-13.66 ppm. Vehicle exhaust emission data showed that Lahore city is exposed to high concentration of CO2, NOx and SOx. The overall results of study showed that compressed natural gas is more environment friendly fuel as compared to petrol. However, pollution level can considerably improve by introduction of large-scale compressed natural gas vehicles in Lahore city.

Keywords

Vehicle emissions Flue gas analysis Air emissions Air quality standards
Butt, M. T., Abbas, N., Deeba, F., Iqbal, J., Hussain, N., & Khan, R. A. (2018). Study of Exhaust Emissions from Different Fuels based Vehicles in Lahore City of Pakistan. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 30(11), 2481–2485. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21484
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. World Ambient, 2015. Fact sheet N 313. Updated March, (2014).
  2. P. Bielaczyc, J. Woodburn, A. Szczotka and P. Pajdowski, Energy Procedia, 66, 21 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.02.011.
  3. Bureau of Statistics, Punjab, Pakistan (2011).
  4. A. Chan, W. Isaacman, G. Wilson, K.R. Worton, D.R. Ruehl, C.R. Nah, T. Gentner, D.R. Dallmann, T.R. Kirchstetter, T.W.R.A. Harley, J.B. Gilman, W.C. Kuster, J.A. de Gouw, J.H. Offenberg, T.E. Kleindienst, Y.H. Lin, C.L. Rubitschun, J.D. Surratt, P.L. Hayes, J.L. Jimenez and A.H. Goldstein, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 6783 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50533.
  5. I. Colbeck, Z.A. Nasir, S. Ahmad and Z. Ali, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 11, 689 (2011); https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2010.10.0087.
  6. F.J. Kelly and J.C. Fussell, Environ. Geochem. Health, 37, 631 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9720-1.
  7. B. Ghauri, A. Lodhi and M. Mansha, Environ. Monit. Assess., 127, 237 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9276-8.
  8. Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Punjab, Pakistan. (2014).
  9. R. Hameed, N.A. Bhatti, O. Nadeem, S. Haydar and M.A. Khan, J. Pak. Instit. Chem. Eng., 41, 59 (2013).
  10. S.R. Hasan, N. Paul, P. Halder, M. Alam, M. Raquib, M. Islam and M. Khan, Global J. Sci. Front. Res., 13, 51 (2013).
  11. Z.A. Jafary and I.A. Faridi, Pak. J. Physiol., 2, 31 (2006).
  12. D. Loomis, Y. Grosse, B. Lauby-Secretan, E.L. Ghissassi, F. Bouvard, L. Benbrahim-Tallaa, N. Guha, R. Baan, H. Mattock and K. Straif, Lancet Oncol., 14, 1262 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70487-X.
  13. HEI International Scientific Oversight Committee, Outdoor Air Pollution and Health in the Developing Countries of Asia: A Comprehensive Review, Special Report 18, Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA (2010).
  14. Z.S. Mirza, S. Muhammad, M.A. Beg and I. Malik, Pak. J. Zool., 45, 679 (2013).
  15. MRU Delta, Operation Mannual VI, vol. 1, p. 29 (2000).
  16. C.A. Pope III, M. Ezzati and D.W.N. Dockery, Engl. J. Med., 360, 376 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0805646.
  17. E. Sanchez-Triana, S. Enriquez, J. Afzal, A. Nakagawa and A.S. Khan, Cleaning Pakistan's Air : Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution (English), World Bank Publications (2014).
  18. J. Sharaf, Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 3, 947 (2013).
  19. T. Wallington and P. Wiesen, Atmos. Environ., 94, 258 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.018.
  20. Y.W. Park, The Environment and Climate Change Outlook of Pakistan, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), p. 107 (2013).
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 1 Download : 0