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Impact of Improper Household Solid Waste Management on Environment: A Case Study of Karachi City, Pakistan
Corresponding Author(s) : Rafia Azmat
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 12 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 12
Abstract
Karachi is facing tremendous pressure of household solid waste (HSW) management (6000 tons per day). To identify the contribution of HSW in polluting the environment in Karachi, Cu was analyzed in soil, water, dust and plant samples from Deh Jam Chakro HSW landfill facility and compared to corresponding unpolluted samples. Copper is an important metal, nutrient, toxicant and ecological indicator. Samples from the landfill facility were analyzed quarterly for 1½ years, to identify the propagation of Cu from HSW to soil, water, dust and plants. Soil of landfill facility had higher [Cu] (199.452 ppm) compared with soil from unpolluted area (Cu = 42.587 ppm). Moreover the temporal increase in [Cu] in soil of landfill facility exhibited sinusoidal pattern. [Cu] in water (4.510 ppm), dust (47.909 ppm) and plant (Prosopis juliflora 28.124 ppm) was identified to be correlated with [Cu] in soil in a complex relation, nevertheless the general trend in [Cu] was established to be towards increase.
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- S. Afsar, S.S. Ali and S.J.H. Kazmi, J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9, 373 (2013).
- Government of Pakistan Census Report (1998).
- T. Ratuzny, Z. Gong and B.M. Wilke, Environ. Monit. Assess., 156, 171 (2009); doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0473-5.
- M. Medina, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Third World Cities: Lessons Learned and a Proposal for Improvement, In: Human Settlement Development, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Vol. III (2012).
- Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health: Copper, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg (1999).
- F. Ceçen and G. Gürsoy, J. Environ. Monit., 2, 436 (2000).
- C. Liu, J. Cui, G. Jiang, X. Chen, L. Wang and C. Fang, Soil Sediment Contam., 22, 390 (2013); doi:10.1080/15320383.2013.733447.
- L.A. Manaf, M.A.A. Samah and N.I.M. Zukki, Waste Manage., 29, 2902 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.015.
- L.A. Guerrero, G. Maas and W. Hogland, Waste Manage., 33, 220 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008.
- H.A.A. Qdais, Waste Manage., 27, 1666 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.08.004.
- P. Senthilkumar, W.S. Prince, S. Sivakumar and C.V. Subbhuraam, Chemosphere, 60, 1493 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.022.
- J. Yoon, X. Cao, Q. Zhou and L.Q. Ma, Sci. Total Environ., 368, 456 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016.
References
S. Afsar, S.S. Ali and S.J.H. Kazmi, J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9, 373 (2013).
Government of Pakistan Census Report (1998).
T. Ratuzny, Z. Gong and B.M. Wilke, Environ. Monit. Assess., 156, 171 (2009); doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0473-5.
M. Medina, Municipal Solid Waste Management in Third World Cities: Lessons Learned and a Proposal for Improvement, In: Human Settlement Development, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Vol. III (2012).
Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health: Copper, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg (1999).
F. Ceçen and G. Gürsoy, J. Environ. Monit., 2, 436 (2000).
C. Liu, J. Cui, G. Jiang, X. Chen, L. Wang and C. Fang, Soil Sediment Contam., 22, 390 (2013); doi:10.1080/15320383.2013.733447.
L.A. Manaf, M.A.A. Samah and N.I.M. Zukki, Waste Manage., 29, 2902 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.015.
L.A. Guerrero, G. Maas and W. Hogland, Waste Manage., 33, 220 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008.
H.A.A. Qdais, Waste Manage., 27, 1666 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.08.004.
P. Senthilkumar, W.S. Prince, S. Sivakumar and C.V. Subbhuraam, Chemosphere, 60, 1493 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.022.
J. Yoon, X. Cao, Q. Zhou and L.Q. Ma, Sci. Total Environ., 368, 456 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016.