Study of Protonation Reaction of Anion Radicals of Some Dinitroaromatics in N,N-Dimethylformamide Using Cyclic Voltammetry

Farzana Hanif; Ghazala Yasmeen; Suryyia Manzoor; Naseem Abbas; Yousuf Raza

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2015.19105

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 12 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 12

Issue Published : August 29, 2015

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Study of Protonation Reaction of Anion Radicals of Some Dinitroaromatics in N,N-Dimethylformamide Using Cyclic Voltammetry

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.19105

Farzana Hanif

Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Ghazala Yasmeen

Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Suryyia Manzoor

Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Naseem Abbas

Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Yousuf Raza

Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Ghazala Yasmeen

ghazala31pk@yahoo.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 27 No. 12 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 12
Article Published : August 29, 2015

Abstract

In the present work, cyclic voltammetric method has been used to investigate the protonation of anion radicals of 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-dinitrobenzenes in N,N-dimethylformamide in the temperature range 5, 15, 25 and 35 °C. Glassy carbon electrode and hanging mercury drop electrode are used as working electrodes. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid are used as protonating agents. Homogeneous rate constant is calculated by using Nicholson and Shain equation. The position of nucleophilic attack in dinitrobenzenes has been investigated by calculation of charge densities using modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO) and self consistent field-unrestricted Hartree Fock (SCF-UHF) molecular orbital methods. The heterogeneous rate constant k_s,h for the first reduction process in dinitrobenzenes is determined by digital simulation of the cyclic voltammograms.

Keywords

Anion radicals Cyclic voltammetry Dinitrobenzenes Glassy carbon electrode Protonation reactions

Hanif, F., Yasmeen, G., Manzoor, S., Abbas, N., & Raza, Y. (2015). Study of Protonation Reaction of Anion Radicals of Some Dinitroaromatics in N,N-Dimethylformamide Using Cyclic Voltammetry. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27(12), 4327–4336. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2015.19105

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References

F. Hanif, G. Yasmeen, R. Parveen and M. Amir, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 36, 422 (2014).
N. Arshad, N.K. Janjua, S. Ahmed, A.Y. Khan and L.H. Skibsted, Electrochim. Acta, 54, 6184 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.087.
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N.A. Macías-Ruvalcaba, J.P. Telo and D.H. Evans, J. Electroanal. Chem., 600, 294 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.10.003.
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X. Lu, D. Shan, J. Yang, B. Huang and X. Zhou, Talanta, 115, 457 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.002.
C. Kraiya, P. Singh, Z.V. Todres and D.H. Evans, J. Electroanal. Chem., 563, 171 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.09.009.
J.A. Squella, M. Huerta, S. Bollo, H. Pessoa and L.J. Núñez-Vergara, J. Electroanal. Chem., 420, 63 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(96)04819-X.
A. Chakraborty, S. Ahamed, S. Pal and S.K. Saha, ISRN Electrochem., Article ID 959128 (2013); doi:10.1155/2013/959128.
F. Hanif, G. Yasmeen, R. Parveen and M. Amir, Asian J. Chem., 26, 5063 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16319.
R.S. Nicholson and I. Shain, Anal. Chem., 36, 706 (1964); doi:10.1021/ac60210a007.
M. Mohammad, A.Y. Khan, M.S. Subhani, W. Begum, N. Ashraf, R. Qureshi and R. Iqbal, Res. Chemical Intermediates, 16, 29 (1991); doi:10.1163/156856791X00165.
N.E. Miller, M.C. Wander and R.J. Cave, J. Phys. Chem., 103, 1084 (1999); doi:10.1021/jp983171n.
D. Britz, Digital Simulation in Electrochemistry, Wiley Interscience, New York (1981).
S.W. Feldberg and A.J. Bard, Electroanalytical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 199 (1969).
D. T. Sawyer, Experimental Electrochemistry for Chemists, John Wiley & Sons, p. 170 (1974).
T.T.T. Li and M.J. Weaver, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 6107 (1984); doi:10.1021/ja00332a073.
F. Booth, J. Chem. Phys., 19, 391 (1951); doi:10.1063/1.1748233.
J.M. Hale, Reactions of Molecules at electrodes, Wiley Interscience, New York (1970).

References

F. Hanif, G. Yasmeen, R. Parveen and M. Amir, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 36, 422 (2014).

N. Arshad, N.K. Janjua, S. Ahmed, A.Y. Khan and L.H. Skibsted, Electrochim. Acta, 54, 6184 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.087.

J. Carbajo, S. Bollo, L.J. Núñez-Vergara, P. Navarrete and J.A. Squella, J. Electroanal. Chem., 494, 69 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00343-0.

M. Kayanuma, H. Hosoi, A. Furuya, Y. Masuda and K. Takano, Chem. Phys. Lett., 494, 139 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2010.05.082.

N.A. Macías-Ruvalcaba, J.P. Telo and D.H. Evans, J. Electroanal. Chem., 600, 294 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.10.003.

A.S. Mendkovich, M.A. Syroeshkin, L.V. Mikhalchenko, M.N. Mikhailov, A. Rusakov and V.P. Gultyai, Int. J. Electrochem., Article ID 346043 (2011); doi:10.4061/2011/346043.

X. Lu, D. Shan, J. Yang, B. Huang and X. Zhou, Talanta, 115, 457 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.002.

C. Kraiya, P. Singh, Z.V. Todres and D.H. Evans, J. Electroanal. Chem., 563, 171 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.09.009.

J.A. Squella, M. Huerta, S. Bollo, H. Pessoa and L.J. Núñez-Vergara, J. Electroanal. Chem., 420, 63 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(96)04819-X.

A. Chakraborty, S. Ahamed, S. Pal and S.K. Saha, ISRN Electrochem., Article ID 959128 (2013); doi:10.1155/2013/959128.

F. Hanif, G. Yasmeen, R. Parveen and M. Amir, Asian J. Chem., 26, 5063 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16319.

R.S. Nicholson and I. Shain, Anal. Chem., 36, 706 (1964); doi:10.1021/ac60210a007.

M. Mohammad, A.Y. Khan, M.S. Subhani, W. Begum, N. Ashraf, R. Qureshi and R. Iqbal, Res. Chemical Intermediates, 16, 29 (1991); doi:10.1163/156856791X00165.

N.E. Miller, M.C. Wander and R.J. Cave, J. Phys. Chem., 103, 1084 (1999); doi:10.1021/jp983171n.

D. Britz, Digital Simulation in Electrochemistry, Wiley Interscience, New York (1981).

S.W. Feldberg and A.J. Bard, Electroanalytical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 199 (1969).

D. T. Sawyer, Experimental Electrochemistry for Chemists, John Wiley & Sons, p. 170 (1974).

T.T.T. Li and M.J. Weaver, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 6107 (1984); doi:10.1021/ja00332a073.

F. Booth, J. Chem. Phys., 19, 391 (1951); doi:10.1063/1.1748233.

J.M. Hale, Reactions of Molecules at electrodes, Wiley Interscience, New York (1970).

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 12 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 12

Study of Protonation Reaction of Anion Radicals of Some Dinitroaromatics in N,N-Dimethylformamide Using Cyclic Voltammetry

Corresponding Author(s) : Ghazala Yasmeen

Abstract

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