Copyright (c) 2014 Faiq F. Karam*, Muqdad I. Kadhim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Determination of Chrysene by Gas Chromatography in Selected Soils from Al-Diwaniya Province, Iraq
Corresponding Author(s) : Faiq F. Karam*
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol 26 No Supplementary Issue
Abstract
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds in the soil samples is of interest due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic activity in biological systems. The present study focused on the determination concentrations of chrysene in selected soils from Al-Diwaniya province, Iraq. Four sampling sites have been selected of pollution locate on study area. For every sampling site, four sub samples of soils were chooses included: industrial soil, urban soil, cereal grown soil and rural soil, the comparison among these soils were achieved during this study. Soxhlet extraction method was applied to extract the chrysene of soil samples. Under the optimized conditions, low limits of detection and good linearity were obtained. Soil samples were then analyzed by gas chromatography. The analysis of chrysene in real soil samples gave percentage recoveries ranged from 72.23 to 96.11 % with relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 1.65 to 4.87 %.
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- A. Ene, O. Bogdevich, A. Sion and T. Spanos, Microchem. J., 100, 36 (2012).
- L. Yan, X. Li, J. Chen, X. Wang, J. Du and L. Ma, J. Environ. Sci. (China), 24, 116 (2012).
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- N. Rajput and A. Lakhani, Environ. Monit. Assess., 150, 273 (2009).
- G. Liu, Z. Niu, D. Van Niekerk, J. Xue, L. Zheng, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 192 (2008).
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- Y.G. Ma, J.P. Cheng, F. Jiao, K.X. Duo, Z. Rong, M. Li and W. Wang, Environ. Monit. Assess., 146, 127 (2008).
- J.C. Means, S.G. Wood, J.J. Hassett and W.L. Banwart, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 1524 (1980).
- B. Mai, S. Qi, E.Y. Zeng, Q. Yang, G. Zhang, J. Fu, Sheng, Peng and Wang, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4855 (2003).
- M.T.O. Jonker and F. Smedes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 1620 (2000).
- E.V. Lau, S. Gan and H.K. Ng, Int. J. Anal. Chem., Article ID 398381 (2010).
- P.J. Woolgar and K.C. Jones, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2118 (1999).
- C. Peng, Z. Ouyang, M. Wang, W. Chen and W. Jiao, Environ. Pollut., 161, 36 (2012).
- D.H. Mebarka, S. Taleb, A. Benghalem, P. Tundo, M.T. Ahmed and M. Arabi, Energy Procedia, 18, 1125 (2012).
- R. García, M. Díaz-Somoano, M. Calvo, M.A. López-Antón, S. Suárez, I. Suárez Ruiz and M.R. Martínez-Tarazona, Fuel Process. Technol., 104, 245 (2012).
- F.F. Karam, F.H. Hussein, S.J. Baqir, A.F. Halbus, R. Dillert and D. Bahnemann, Int. J. Photoenergy, Article ID 503825 (2014).
- S. Baran, P. Oleszczuk, A. Lesiuk and E. Baranowska, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 11, 299 (2002).
- F.F. Karam, F.H. Hussein, S.J. Baqir and F.M. Abid, Asian J. Chem., 24, 5589 (2012).
- F.H. Hussein, F.F. Karam and S.J. Baqir, Asian J. Chem., 26, 2768 (2014).
- S. Orecchio, J. Hazard. Mater., 173, 358 (2010).
- J.J. Nam, G.O. Thomas, F. Jaward, E. Steinnes, O. Gustafsson and K.C. Jones, Chemosphere, 70, 1596 (2008).
- P.D. Boehm, W.A. Burns, D.S. Page, A.E. Bence, P.J. Mankiewicz and J.S. Brown, Environ. Forensics, 3, 243 (2002).
References
A. Ene, O. Bogdevich, A. Sion and T. Spanos, Microchem. J., 100, 36 (2012).
L. Yan, X. Li, J. Chen, X. Wang, J. Du and L. Ma, J. Environ. Sci. (China), 24, 116 (2012).
Y. Chen, K.F. Ho, S.S.H. Ho, W.K. Ho, S.C. Lee, J.Z. Yu and E.H.L. Sit, J. Environ. Monit., 9, 1402 (2007).
B. Aichner, B. Glaser and W. Zech, Org. Geochem., 38, 700 (2007).
K. Srogi, Environ. Chem. Lett., 5, 169 (2007).
N. Rajput and A. Lakhani, Environ. Monit. Assess., 150, 273 (2009).
G. Liu, Z. Niu, D. Van Niekerk, J. Xue, L. Zheng, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 192 (2008).
S.K. Sahu, R.C. Bhangare, P.Y. Ajmal, S. Sharma, G.G. Pandit and V.D. Puranik, Microchem. J., 92, 92 (2009).
M. Malawska and B. Wio³komirski, Water Air Soil Pollut., 127, 339 (2001).
Y.G. Ma, J.P. Cheng, F. Jiao, K.X. Duo, Z. Rong, M. Li and W. Wang, Environ. Monit. Assess., 146, 127 (2008).
J.C. Means, S.G. Wood, J.J. Hassett and W.L. Banwart, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 1524 (1980).
B. Mai, S. Qi, E.Y. Zeng, Q. Yang, G. Zhang, J. Fu, Sheng, Peng and Wang, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4855 (2003).
M.T.O. Jonker and F. Smedes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 1620 (2000).
E.V. Lau, S. Gan and H.K. Ng, Int. J. Anal. Chem., Article ID 398381 (2010).
P.J. Woolgar and K.C. Jones, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 2118 (1999).
C. Peng, Z. Ouyang, M. Wang, W. Chen and W. Jiao, Environ. Pollut., 161, 36 (2012).
D.H. Mebarka, S. Taleb, A. Benghalem, P. Tundo, M.T. Ahmed and M. Arabi, Energy Procedia, 18, 1125 (2012).
R. García, M. Díaz-Somoano, M. Calvo, M.A. López-Antón, S. Suárez, I. Suárez Ruiz and M.R. Martínez-Tarazona, Fuel Process. Technol., 104, 245 (2012).
F.F. Karam, F.H. Hussein, S.J. Baqir, A.F. Halbus, R. Dillert and D. Bahnemann, Int. J. Photoenergy, Article ID 503825 (2014).
S. Baran, P. Oleszczuk, A. Lesiuk and E. Baranowska, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 11, 299 (2002).
F.F. Karam, F.H. Hussein, S.J. Baqir and F.M. Abid, Asian J. Chem., 24, 5589 (2012).
F.H. Hussein, F.F. Karam and S.J. Baqir, Asian J. Chem., 26, 2768 (2014).
S. Orecchio, J. Hazard. Mater., 173, 358 (2010).
J.J. Nam, G.O. Thomas, F. Jaward, E. Steinnes, O. Gustafsson and K.C. Jones, Chemosphere, 70, 1596 (2008).
P.D. Boehm, W.A. Burns, D.S. Page, A.E. Bence, P.J. Mankiewicz and J.S. Brown, Environ. Forensics, 3, 243 (2002).