Copyright (c) 2014 Falah H. Hussein1, Sadiq J. Baqir1, Faiq F. Karam2
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Seasonal Variation in Heavy Metals Contamination in Surface Water of Shatt Al-Hilla River, Babylon, Iraq
Corresponding Author(s) : Falah H. Hussein1
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol 26 No Supplementary Issue
Abstract
In the present work, monitoring of monthly variations in the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Fe) in Shatt Al-Hilla river water have been carried out during November 2011-October 2012 to study the extent of contamination of the river with these metals. Sampling was achieved from 14 selected study sites (most likely to be affected by pollutants). The technique of flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the water samples. Results have shown wide variations in the heavy metals levels varying from high concentration of one of the metals at certain site to low content of other. A total of 168 surface water samples collected from Shatt Al-Hilla river in med of Iraq, were analyzed for Pb, Ni and Fe. The concentrations of the metals Pb, Ni and fewere detected in 100 % of the samples in the range of 0.030-16.090, 0.080-13.000 and 0.040-8.110, respectively.
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- R.N. Kumar, R. Solanki and J.I.N. Kumar, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 359 (2013).
- S.J. Aboud and N. Nandini, Am. J. Environ. Sci., 5, 678 (2009).
- WHO, Global Fresh Water Quality Assessment Report, WHO Int. Rept/PEP/88, Geneva (1998).
- M.B. Lohani, A. Singh, D.C. Rupainwar and D.N. Dhar, Environ. Monit. Assess., 147, 253 (2008).
- H. Borg, Water Res., 21, 65 (1987).
- S.F. Jerez Veguería, J.M. Godoy, R.C. de Campos and R.A. Gonçalves, Microchem. J., 106, 121 (2013).
- I. Rodushkin and T. Ruth, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 12, 1181 (1997).
- U. Villanueva, J.C. Raposo and J.M. Madariaga, Microchem. J., 106, 107 (2013).
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- C. Garcia-Sartal, M.C. Barciela-Alonso, A. Moreda-Pineiro and P. Bermejo-Barrera, Microchem. J., 108, 92 (2013).
- Y. Sayg and S.A.Yigit, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 1379 (2012).
- P. Purushothaman and G.J. Chakrapani, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 2947 (2012).
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- A. Limbeck, C. Wagner, B. Lendl and A. Mukhtar, Anal. Chim. Acta, 750, 111 (2012).
- G. Cheng, M. He, H. Peng and B. Hu, Talanta, 88, 507 (2012).
- H. Sereshti, Y. EntezariHeravi and S. Samadi, Talanta, 97, 235 (2012).
- Z. Lu, M. Cai, J. Wang, Z. Yin and H. Yang, Environ. Geochem. Health, 35, 257 (2013).
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- HMRC, Heavy Metal Handbook: A Guide for Health Care Practitioners, pp. 1-10 (2003).
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- L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Eaton, American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., edn. 20 (1998).
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References
R.N. Kumar, R. Solanki and J.I.N. Kumar, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 359 (2013).
S.J. Aboud and N. Nandini, Am. J. Environ. Sci., 5, 678 (2009).
WHO, Global Fresh Water Quality Assessment Report, WHO Int. Rept/PEP/88, Geneva (1998).
M.B. Lohani, A. Singh, D.C. Rupainwar and D.N. Dhar, Environ. Monit. Assess., 147, 253 (2008).
H. Borg, Water Res., 21, 65 (1987).
S.F. Jerez Veguería, J.M. Godoy, R.C. de Campos and R.A. Gonçalves, Microchem. J., 106, 121 (2013).
I. Rodushkin and T. Ruth, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 12, 1181 (1997).
U. Villanueva, J.C. Raposo and J.M. Madariaga, Microchem. J., 106, 107 (2013).
M. Lambelet, M. Rehkamper, T. van de Flierdt, Z. Xue, K. Kreissig, B. Coles, D. Porcelli and P. Andersson, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 361, 64 (2013).
C. Garcia-Sartal, M.C. Barciela-Alonso, A. Moreda-Pineiro and P. Bermejo-Barrera, Microchem. J., 108, 92 (2013).
Y. Sayg and S.A.Yigit, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 1379 (2012).
P. Purushothaman and G.J. Chakrapani, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 2947 (2012).
G. Ahmed, M.A. Miah, H.M. Anawar, D.A. Chowdhury and J.U. Ahmad, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 4181 (2012).
R.R. Rao and A. Chatt, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 168, 439 (1993).
M.G. Johnson, R.L. Culp and S.E. George, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43, 754 (1986).
A. Limbeck, C. Wagner, B. Lendl and A. Mukhtar, Anal. Chim. Acta, 750, 111 (2012).
G. Cheng, M. He, H. Peng and B. Hu, Talanta, 88, 507 (2012).
H. Sereshti, Y. EntezariHeravi and S. Samadi, Talanta, 97, 235 (2012).
Z. Lu, M. Cai, J. Wang, Z. Yin and H. Yang, Environ. Geochem. Health, 35, 257 (2013).
A. Katip, F. Karaer, H.S. Baskaya, S. Ileri and S. Sarmasik, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 5399 (2012).
F. Moukhchan, J.G. March and V. Cerda, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 695 (2013).
G. Rajaei, B. Mansouri, H. Jahantigh and A.H. Hamidian, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 89, 495 (2012).
X. Guo, M. He, B. Chen and B. Hu, Talanta, 101, 516 (2012).
E.C.V. Butler, J.E. O'Sullivan, R.J. Watson, A.R. Bowie, T.A. Remenyi and D. Lannuzel, Mar. Chem., 148, 63 (2013).
A. Rybak, B. Messyasz and B. Leska, Ecotoxicology, 22, 558 (2013).
J. Farell, D. Amarasiriwardena, A.H. Goodman and B. Arriaza, Microchem. J., 106, 340 (2013).
A. Alomary, Environ. Monit. Assess., 185, 1969 (2013).
H.L. Needleman and D. Bellinger, Annu. Rev. Public Health, 12, 111 (1991).
I.A. Bergdahl, Analysis Magazine, 26, 81 (1988).
HMRC, Heavy Metal Handbook: A Guide for Health Care Practitioners, pp. 1-10 (2003).
E.M. Bem, C. Orlowski, J.K. Piotrowski, K. Januszewski and J. Pajak, Pol. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health, 65, 57 (1993).
M.E. Dodds-Smith, M.S. Johnson and D.J. Thompson, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 24, 102 (1992).
I. Pais and J.J.B. Jones, The Handbook of Trace Elements, Boca Raton, Florida: St. Lucie Press (1997).
A.M. Farag, T. May, G.D. Marty, M. Easton, D.D. Harper, E.E. Little and L. Cleveland, Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 246 (2006).
F.H. Hussein, F.F. Karam and S.J. Baqir, Asian J. Chem., 26, 2768 (2014).
L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Eaton, American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., edn. 20 (1998).
R. Miroslav and N.B. Vladmir, Water Analysis, In: Practical Environmental Analysis, RSC Publishing, London, edn. 2, pp. 140-167 (2006).
L.M.L. Nollet, Hand Book of Water Analysis, CRC Press, Taylor & Fracis Group, New York edn. 2 (2007).
WHO, Guidance for Drinking Water Quality, Geneva, edn. 3 (2004).
J.W. Moore and S. Ramanoothy, Heavy Metals in Natural Water: Applied Monitoring and Impact Assessment, Springer-Varlag, New York(1984).