Copyright (c) 2014 Mohammed A. Mutar*, Mahmood O. Mutashar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Properties and Flame Retardance of Aromatic Polyimides Containing Halogen and Phosphorus Components
Corresponding Author(s) : Mohammed A. Mutar*
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol 26 No Supplementary Issue
Abstract
Several systematically varied aromatic polyimides were prepared by solution polycondensation reaction of different dianhydrides (pyromellitic dianhydride), 3,3'4,4'-benzophenone tetra-carboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'-hexafluoroisopropylidenebis(phthalic anhydride), with various structurally different diamines containing halogens and phosphorus components using a standard two-stage process with thermal imidization of poly(amic acid). Chemical structures, of these materials were characterized with FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis. Thermal analysis of thermal gravimetricanalysis (TGA) reveals that these resulted aromatic polyimides (P1-P4) possess thermal stability. Furthermore, high char yields in TGA analysis values indicate that these halogens and phosphorus containing aromatic polyimidespossess excellent flame retardant properties.
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- L. Murphey, M. Sc. Thesis, Morphological Investigation of AFR-PEPA-N Imide Oligomers and their Cured Polyimides and the Recodification of AFR-PEPA-N to Achieve Liquid-Crystalline Behavior, Texas A & M University, pp. 10-70 (2003).
- K. Faghihi, M. Ashouri and A. Feyzi, J. Mex. Chem. Soc., 57, 113 (2013).
- J. Lincoln, Ph. D. Dissertation, Structure-Property-Processing Relation-ships and the Effects of Physical Structure on the Hygrothermal Dura-bility and Mechanical Response of Polyimides, University of Michigan, pp. 78-105 (2001).
- S. Sasak and S. Nisha, in eds.: M.K. Ghosh and K.L. Mittal, Polyimide Fundamentals and Applications in Plastic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, pp. 36-71 (1996).
- H. Mori and N. Akao, 2,3,6,7-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (NTCDA) as a Monomer for Polyimide”, JFE Technical Report No. 6, pp. 54-61 (2005).
- S. Mehdipour-Ataei and L. Akbarian-Feizi, Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 29, 93 (2011).
- S. Saral, Ph.D. Thesis, Solution Processible Aromatic Polyimides via Diels Alder Precursor, College of Sciences, The University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida, pp. 5-12 (2008).
- A. Wanghongru and L. Zhou, Copolymer of Pyro Mellitic Dianhydride with Diamino Diphenyl Ether as a Tanning Agent for Leather, College of Resources and Environment, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi (2011).
- E.M. Pearce, Pure Appl. Chem., 58, 925 (1986).
- A. Nihat, Flame Retardancy of Polymer NANO Composites. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University (2012).
- F. Zhu and K. Shen, The Application of Halogen-Free Intumescent Flame Retardant In Polyolefin, Hangzhoujls Flame Retardants Chemical Co., Ltd. (2006).
- M. Rakotomalala, S. Wagner and M. Döring, Materials, 3, 4300 (2010).
- M. Paul, Ph.D. Thesis, Flammability of Epoxy Resins Containing Phosphorus, The National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia, USA (2005).
- L. Retief, Ph.D. Thesis, Analysis of Vegetable Oils, Seeds and Beans by TGA and NMR Spectroscopy, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, p. 90 (2011).
- A. Rahimi and S. Farhangzadeh, Iranian Polym. J., 10, 29 (2001).
- M. Paul, C. Hergenrother, J. Thompson, J. Smith, J.W. Connell, H. Jeffrey, R.E. Lyon and M. Richard, Flammability of Epoxy Resins Containing Phosphorus, The National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia, USA (2005).
- S.S. Sahoo, S. Shukla, S. Nandy and H.B. Sahoo, Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 2, 899 (2012).
- P.M. Hergenrother, K.A. Watson, J.G. Smith Jr., J.W. Connell and R. Yokota, Polymer, 43, 5077 (2002).
- A. Rahimi, S. Farhangzadeh and F. Ziaee, Iranian Polym. J., 8, 31 (1999).
- R. Silverstein, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compound, edn. 5 (1981).
- I. Hamilton, Ph.D. Thesis, The Development of Microwave Thermal Analysis (MWTA) and its Application to the Study of Carbons and other Materials, University of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, p. 29 (2009).
- R. Adivarkar, S. Dasarwar, and N. Kharaa, J. Indian Fiber Textile Res., 38, 9 (2013).
References
L. Murphey, M. Sc. Thesis, Morphological Investigation of AFR-PEPA-N Imide Oligomers and their Cured Polyimides and the Recodification of AFR-PEPA-N to Achieve Liquid-Crystalline Behavior, Texas A & M University, pp. 10-70 (2003).
K. Faghihi, M. Ashouri and A. Feyzi, J. Mex. Chem. Soc., 57, 113 (2013).
J. Lincoln, Ph. D. Dissertation, Structure-Property-Processing Relation-ships and the Effects of Physical Structure on the Hygrothermal Dura-bility and Mechanical Response of Polyimides, University of Michigan, pp. 78-105 (2001).
S. Sasak and S. Nisha, in eds.: M.K. Ghosh and K.L. Mittal, Polyimide Fundamentals and Applications in Plastic Engineering, Marcel Dekker, pp. 36-71 (1996).
H. Mori and N. Akao, 2,3,6,7-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (NTCDA) as a Monomer for Polyimide”, JFE Technical Report No. 6, pp. 54-61 (2005).
S. Mehdipour-Ataei and L. Akbarian-Feizi, Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 29, 93 (2011).
S. Saral, Ph.D. Thesis, Solution Processible Aromatic Polyimides via Diels Alder Precursor, College of Sciences, The University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida, pp. 5-12 (2008).
A. Wanghongru and L. Zhou, Copolymer of Pyro Mellitic Dianhydride with Diamino Diphenyl Ether as a Tanning Agent for Leather, College of Resources and Environment, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi (2011).
E.M. Pearce, Pure Appl. Chem., 58, 925 (1986).
A. Nihat, Flame Retardancy of Polymer NANO Composites. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University (2012).
F. Zhu and K. Shen, The Application of Halogen-Free Intumescent Flame Retardant In Polyolefin, Hangzhoujls Flame Retardants Chemical Co., Ltd. (2006).
M. Rakotomalala, S. Wagner and M. Döring, Materials, 3, 4300 (2010).
M. Paul, Ph.D. Thesis, Flammability of Epoxy Resins Containing Phosphorus, The National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia, USA (2005).
L. Retief, Ph.D. Thesis, Analysis of Vegetable Oils, Seeds and Beans by TGA and NMR Spectroscopy, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, p. 90 (2011).
A. Rahimi and S. Farhangzadeh, Iranian Polym. J., 10, 29 (2001).
M. Paul, C. Hergenrother, J. Thompson, J. Smith, J.W. Connell, H. Jeffrey, R.E. Lyon and M. Richard, Flammability of Epoxy Resins Containing Phosphorus, The National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia, USA (2005).
S.S. Sahoo, S. Shukla, S. Nandy and H.B. Sahoo, Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 2, 899 (2012).
P.M. Hergenrother, K.A. Watson, J.G. Smith Jr., J.W. Connell and R. Yokota, Polymer, 43, 5077 (2002).
A. Rahimi, S. Farhangzadeh and F. Ziaee, Iranian Polym. J., 8, 31 (1999).
R. Silverstein, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compound, edn. 5 (1981).
I. Hamilton, Ph.D. Thesis, The Development of Microwave Thermal Analysis (MWTA) and its Application to the Study of Carbons and other Materials, University of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, p. 29 (2009).
R. Adivarkar, S. Dasarwar, and N. Kharaa, J. Indian Fiber Textile Res., 38, 9 (2013).