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Mycotoxins Survey in Imported Wheat Commodity During 2016 in Albania
Corresponding Author(s) : A. Shtëmbari
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 29 No. 8 (2017): Vol 29 Issue 8
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed mycotoxins contamination in wheat commodity, both soft and durum, imported during first half of 2016 in Albania. Random samples (n = 35) were taken in from three main flour mills of Albania. The objective of this study was to access the risk exposure posed to humans and animals to different untargeted mycotoxins. The samples were analyzed for main mycotoxins: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, zearalenon (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), FB1, FB2 and Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination by LC-MS/MS. Data revealed a normal situation regarding to the contamination to the imported wheat commodities. So, was found only one sample contaminated by DON, which do not exceeded the maximum limit as defined by National and European Regulations. In conclusion, we have considered that the risk human exposure to the wheat samples imported in during the period is low.
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- World Health Organization, Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, Forty-Fourth Report of The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO, Geneva (1995).
- CAST, Mycotoxins: Risks in Plant, Animal and Human Systems, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA (2003).
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- Y. Ueno, ISI Atlas Sci. Pharmacol., 2, 121 (1988).
- European Commission, Off. J. Eur. Union L, vol. 364 (2006).
- L.B. Bullerman and A. Bianchini, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 119, 140 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.035.
- I. Giménez, M. Herrera, J. Escobar, E. Ferruz, S. Lorán, A. Herrera and A. Ariño, Food Control, 34, 268 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.033.
- M. Herrera, T. Juan, G. Estopaña and A. Ariño, J. Food Nutr. Res., 48, 92 (2009).
- F. Cheli, L. Pinotti, L. Rossi and V. Dell’Orto, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 54, 307 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.040.
- European Commission, Off. J. Eur. Union L, 70, 12 (2006).
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References
World Health Organization, Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, Forty-Fourth Report of The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO, Geneva (1995).
CAST, Mycotoxins: Risks in Plant, Animal and Human Systems, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA (2003).
J.W. Bennett and M. Klich, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 16, 497 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.16.3.497-516.2003.
R.R. Paterson and N. Lima, EXS, 100, 31 (2010).
IARC, Off. J. Eur. Union L, 364, 5 (1993).
M. Peraica, B. Radic, A. Lucic and M. Pavlovic, Bull. World Health Organ., 77, 754 (1999).
M. Olsen, N. Jonsson, J. Magan, C. Banks, A. Fanelli and A. Rizzo, in eds.: A. D. Hocking, J. I. Pitt, R.A. Samson, and U. Thrane, Prevention of Ochratoxin A in Cereals in Europe, In: Advances in Food Mycology, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, USA. p. 375 (2006).
IARC, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation for Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Some Naturally Occurring Substances, Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins, vol. 56 (1993).
M. Kushiro, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9, 2127 (2008); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9112127.
Y. Ueno, ISI Atlas Sci. Pharmacol., 2, 121 (1988).
European Commission, Off. J. Eur. Union L, vol. 364 (2006).
L.B. Bullerman and A. Bianchini, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 119, 140 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.035.
I. Giménez, M. Herrera, J. Escobar, E. Ferruz, S. Lorán, A. Herrera and A. Ariño, Food Control, 34, 268 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.033.
M. Herrera, T. Juan, G. Estopaña and A. Ariño, J. Food Nutr. Res., 48, 92 (2009).
F. Cheli, L. Pinotti, L. Rossi and V. Dell’Orto, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 54, 307 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.040.
European Commission, Off. J. Eur. Union L, 70, 12 (2006).
F. Driehuis, M.C. Spanjer, J.M. Scholten and M.C. Te Giffel, Food Addit. Contam. B, 1, 41 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210802236927.
V.M.T. Lattanzio, S.D. Gatta, M. Suman and A.Visconti, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom., 25, 1869 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5047.