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Estimation of Monthly Variations of Lymphatic Proteins of Tilapia Reared in Pond Water
Corresponding Author(s) : Fatima Jalal
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 29 No. 6 (2017): Vol 29 Issue 6
Abstract
The development of functional T- and B-cells from the thymocytes is a crucial step in development of functional immune system and the organs like spleen, kidney and thymus are vital sites to study the lymphatic proteins. Different lymphatic proteins isolated from teleosts but still a little bit known about these proteins. Estimation of proteins from tilapia was done first time in Pakistan. Isolation of lymphatic proteins was performed after tissue rupturing and all the cellular debris was removed. The determined average comparative quantitative estimation of lymphatic proteins concentrations in 6 months tenure in male tilapia's organs was as testes (8.705 mg/mL) > kidney (7.577 mg/mL) > gills (7.556 mg/mL) > spleen (7.455 mg/mL) > alimentary canal (7.243 mg/mL) and in female tilapia as ovaries (9.098 mg/mL) > kidney (7.742 mg/mL) > spleen (7.548 mg/mL) > gills (7.532 mg/mL) > alimentary canal (6.920 mg/mL). High concentration of protein was investigated in reproductive organs (testes, 9.41 mg/mL and ovaries, 9.82 mg/mL) in both sexes.
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- N.N. Memon, F.N. Talpur, M.I. Bhanger and A. Balouch, Food Chem., 126, 405 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.107.
- Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, Rome, Italy, p. 12 (2014).
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Yearbook, Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics (2009).
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), p. 6, (2010).
- Top 10 Consumed Sea Foods, National Fisheries Institute (NFI) (2010).
- B.W. Green, in eds.: C. Lim and C. Webster. Tilapias: Biology, Culture, and Nutrition, Food Products Press, Binghamton, NY, pp. 181 (2006).
- J.H. Rombout, H. Huttenhuis, S. Picchietti and G. Scapigliati, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 19, 441 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.007.
- V.W.B. Muiswinkel and B.W.D. Vervoorn-van, CAB International, Wellingford (2005).
- B. Magnadóttir, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20, 137 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2004.09.006.
- N. Danilova, J. Bussmann, K. Jekosch and L.A. Steiner, Nat. Immunol., 6, 295 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1166.
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- N.S. Trede, A. Zapata and L.I. Zon, Trends Immunol., 22, 302 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4906(01)01939-1.
- S. Brattgjerd and O. Evensen, Vet. Pathol., 33, 55 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300106.
- A. Zapata and C.T. Amemiya, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 248, 67 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59674-2_5.
- N.E. Demers and C.J. Bayne, in eds.: J.S. Stolen and T.C. Fletcher, Plasma Proteins of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Immediate Response to Acute Stress, In: Models for Environmental Toxicology, Biomarkers, Immunostimulants, SOS Publications, Fair Haven, NJ, pp. 1-9 (1994).
- O.B. Reite and O. Evensen, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20, 192 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2005.01.012.
- E. Haugarvoll, I. Bjerkas, B.F. Nowak, I. Hordvik and E.O. Koppang, J. Anat., 213, 202 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00943.x.
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- M. Montalto, F. D’Onofrio, A. Gallo, A. Cazzato and G. Gasbarrini, Dig. Liver Dis., 3, 30 (2009).
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- B. Magnadottir, J. Mar. Biotechnol., 12, 361 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9279-x.
- M.M. Bradford, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248 (1976); https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
- A. Kamil, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bergen, Norway (2013).
- S.M.B. Salahudeen, K. Muthukumaravel and P. Kumarasamy, Int. J. Curr. Res., 5, 133 (2014).
- M. Javed and N. Usmani, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 22, 237 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.021.
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References
N.N. Memon, F.N. Talpur, M.I. Bhanger and A. Balouch, Food Chem., 126, 405 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.107.
Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, Rome, Italy, p. 12 (2014).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Yearbook, Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics (2009).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), p. 6, (2010).
Top 10 Consumed Sea Foods, National Fisheries Institute (NFI) (2010).
B.W. Green, in eds.: C. Lim and C. Webster. Tilapias: Biology, Culture, and Nutrition, Food Products Press, Binghamton, NY, pp. 181 (2006).
J.H. Rombout, H. Huttenhuis, S. Picchietti and G. Scapigliati, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 19, 441 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.007.
V.W.B. Muiswinkel and B.W.D. Vervoorn-van, CAB International, Wellingford (2005).
B. Magnadóttir, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20, 137 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2004.09.006.
N. Danilova, J. Bussmann, K. Jekosch and L.A. Steiner, Nat. Immunol., 6, 295 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1166.
S. Kaattari, H.L. Zhang, I.W. Khor, I.M. Kattari and D.A. Shapiro, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 26, 191 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00064-7.
M. Nakao, J. Mutsuro, M. Nakahara, Y. Kato and T. Yano, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 27, 749 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-305X(03)00076-4.
A. Zapata, B. Diez, T. Cejalvo, C. Gutiérrez-de Frías and A. Cortés, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20, 126 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2004.09.005.
J.M. Davis, H. Clay, J.L. Lewis, N. Ghori, P. Herbomel and L. Ramakrishnan, Immunity, 17, 693 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00475-2.
N.S. Trede, A. Zapata and L.I. Zon, Trends Immunol., 22, 302 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4906(01)01939-1.
S. Brattgjerd and O. Evensen, Vet. Pathol., 33, 55 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300106.
A. Zapata and C.T. Amemiya, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 248, 67 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59674-2_5.
N.E. Demers and C.J. Bayne, in eds.: J.S. Stolen and T.C. Fletcher, Plasma Proteins of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Immediate Response to Acute Stress, In: Models for Environmental Toxicology, Biomarkers, Immunostimulants, SOS Publications, Fair Haven, NJ, pp. 1-9 (1994).
O.B. Reite and O. Evensen, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 20, 192 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2005.01.012.
E. Haugarvoll, I. Bjerkas, B.F. Nowak, I. Hordvik and E.O. Koppang, J. Anat., 213, 202 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00943.x.
C.M.L. Press and Ø. Evensen, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 9, 309 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1998.0181.
M. Montalto, F. D’Onofrio, A. Gallo, A. Cazzato and G. Gasbarrini, Dig. Liver Dis., 3, 30 (2009).
S.K. Whyte, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 23, 1127 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2007.06.005.
B. Magnadottir, J. Mar. Biotechnol., 12, 361 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9279-x.
M.M. Bradford, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248 (1976); https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
A. Kamil, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bergen, Norway (2013).
S.M.B. Salahudeen, K. Muthukumaravel and P. Kumarasamy, Int. J. Curr. Res., 5, 133 (2014).
M. Javed and N. Usmani, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 22, 237 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.021.
K.A. Moutou, S. Tsikogias, T. Papadimitriou and I. Kagalou, J. Environ. Monit., 14, 2195 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1039/c2em30129f.
M.J.A. Rani, M.C.J. Milton, M.C. Uthiralingam and R. Azhaguraj, Int. J. Curr. Res., 3, 230 (2011)