Compositional Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Acacia nilotica from Two Locations

Abstract

In this study, the oils and defatted seed cake of Acacia nilotica from two locations were used to evaluate physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acids, mineral content, total phenols, flavonoids, total tocopherol, carotenoids and antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Peroxide value of fresh oil was higher (1.6 ± 0.1 meq/kg) in Hisar location, iodine value is higher (144.7 ± 0.3 g/100 g) in Hisar location, free fatty acid is higher (as % oleic acid) (0.9 ± 0.1 %) in Palwal location, saponification value is higher (219.4 ± 0.7 mg/g KOH) in Palwal location, unsaponifiable matter is higher (7.2 ± 0.1 %) in Hisar location. In different fatty acid highest composition found in linolenic acid (40.5 ± 0.4 %) in Palwal location. In mineral composition calcium found highest (203.0 ± 2.2 mg/100 g) in Hisar location and potassium and phosphorus found highest (110.0 ± 1.1 mg/100 g, 51.4 ± 1.5 mg/100 g) in Palwal location. From the data of two locations, it is inferred that phenolics and flavonoid content in the seed oil of Acacia nilotica was higher in the oil of the seeds collected from the Hisar (87.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g & 11.9 ± 0.4 mg CAE/g) than Palwal (80.1 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g & 11.3 ± 0.3 mg CAE/g), while in methanol extract of defatted seed cake of phenols higher in Palwal (18.2 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid in Hisar (6.3 ± 0.5 mg CAE/g). The total tocopherol in methanol extract of defatted seed cake (15.5 ± 0.3 mg/g) and carotenoids in the oil (78.4 ± 0.1 mg/kg) were higher in Palwal location as compared to Hisar location. Antioxidant activity determined by DPPH method in which methanol extract of defatted seed cake had maximum antioxidant activity that is 87 % at a concentration of 0.06 mg/mL from Palwal.