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Antimicrobial Efficacy and Cytotoxic Screening of Dichloromethane Sub-fractions of Rumex obtusifolius
Corresponding Author(s) : Shafiullah Khan
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 29 No. 2 (2017): Vol 29 Issue 2
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic screening of sub-fractions of dichloromethane fraction of Rumex obtusifolius at early vegetative stages for seeking bioactive sub-fractions. Its common name is broad-leaf dock. This plant is used as an antidote to nettle, astringent, depurative, tonic and laxative. It is also used for treatment of tumors, blisters, sores, burns and cancer. The bioactivity screening of F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 sub-fractions of dichloromethane of R. obtusifolius were assessed using conventional disc diffusion method, agar tube dilution method and the brine shrimp lethality assay. The most remarkable antibacterial activities are observed with the F6 having zone of inhibition (22.5 mm) against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli. The antifungal results indicate that F3, F4 and F5 inhibited fungal growth more competently as compared to F1, F2 and F6. Maximum inhibition was recorded by F4 (69.4 %) against Aspergillus flavas. F1 does not show any prominent inhibition (7.4 ± 2.51 to10.3 ± 2.21) against all fungal strains, b/c the probability of bioactive compounds in F1 is less, as ethanolic crude was already extracted with n-hexane in solvent extraction process. LD50 values of cytotoxicity indicate that F4 sub fraction of dichloromethane fraction is the most effective (LD50 437.4), having 66.65 % maximum mortality of brine shrimp at 100 ppm,while least effective one is F1.
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- T.H. Khan, L. Prasad and S. Sultana, Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 24, 149 (2005).
- T.H. Khan, Int. J. Pharmacol., 8, 30 (2012).
- N.R. Farnsworth, in ed.: E.O. Willson, Biodiversity, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. pp. 83-97 (1988).
- S. Sahreen, M.R. Khan and R.A. Khan, Food Chem., 122, 1205 (2010).
- M. Khanahmadi, S.H. Rezazadeh and M. Taran, Asian J. Plant Sci., 9, 99 (2010).
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- A. Yildirim, A. Mavi and A.A. Kara, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 4083 (2001).
- L.Ö. Demirezer, Planta Med., 59, A630 (1993).
- Y.A. Litvinenko and R.A. Muzychkina, Chem. Nat. Comp., 39, 368 (2003).
- L. Ghosh, J.R. Gayen, S. Sinha, S. Pal, M. Pal and B.P. Saha, J. Phytother. Res., 17, 558 (2001).
- R. Gautam, A. Saklani and M. Jachak, J. Ethnopharmacol., 110, 200 (2007).
- GRIN Taxonomy Database, USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database].National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland (2009); Available online at: http://www.arsgrin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32541.
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- S.H. Gillespie, Medical Microbiology Illustrated Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, p. 85 (1994).
- K.W. Meng, Y.U. Liang, L. Sheng and E. Cheng, World J. Gastroenterol., 11, 2941 (2005).
- T.P.T. Cushnie and A.J. Lamb, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 26, 343 (2005).
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- H.S. Yaecob and I.A.M. Tolba, Egyptian J. Desert Res., 56, 393 (2006).
- T. Stevic, K. Savikin, M. Ristic, G. Zdunic, T. Jankovic, D. Krivokuca-Djokic and T. Vulic, J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 75, 35 (2010).
- A.W. Bauer, W.M.M. Kirby and J.C.M. Sherris, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45, 493 (1966).
- R. Cruickshank, Medical Microbiology: A Guide to Diagnosis and Control of Infection, E. and S. Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh, London (1968).
- M.I. Choudhary, Dur-e-Shahwar, Z. Parveen, A. Jabbar, I. Ali and Atta-Ur-Rahman, Phytochemistry, 40, 1243 (1995).
- A. Meyer-Alber, H. Hartmann, F. Stümpel and W. Creutzfeldt, Gastroenterology, 102, 223 (1992).
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References
T.H. Khan, L. Prasad and S. Sultana, Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 24, 149 (2005).
T.H. Khan, Int. J. Pharmacol., 8, 30 (2012).
N.R. Farnsworth, in ed.: E.O. Willson, Biodiversity, National Academy Press, Washington D.C. pp. 83-97 (1988).
S. Sahreen, M.R. Khan and R.A. Khan, Food Chem., 122, 1205 (2010).
M. Khanahmadi, S.H. Rezazadeh and M. Taran, Asian J. Plant Sci., 9, 99 (2010).
H. Süleyman, L.Ö. Demirezer, A. Kuruüzüm, Z.N. Banoglu, F. Göcer, G. Özbakir and A. Gepdiremen, J. Ethnopharmacol., 65, 141 (1999).
A. Yildirim, A. Mavi and A.A. Kara, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 4083 (2001).
L.Ö. Demirezer, Planta Med., 59, A630 (1993).
Y.A. Litvinenko and R.A. Muzychkina, Chem. Nat. Comp., 39, 368 (2003).
L. Ghosh, J.R. Gayen, S. Sinha, S. Pal, M. Pal and B.P. Saha, J. Phytother. Res., 17, 558 (2001).
R. Gautam, A. Saklani and M. Jachak, J. Ethnopharmacol., 110, 200 (2007).
GRIN Taxonomy Database, USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database].National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland (2009); Available online at: http://www.arsgrin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?32541.
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Green Pharmacy Garden, Fulton (2009). Available on line at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi bin/duke/ethnobot.pl?ethnobot.taxon=Rumex%20obtusifolius.
B. Kivack, T. Mert and H. Tansel, Turk. J. Biol., 26, 197 (2001).
T.W. Sam, in eds.: S.M. Colegate and R.J. Molyneux, Toxicity Testing using the Brine Shrimp: Artemiasalina. In: Bioactive Natural Products Detection, Isolation and Structural Determination, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 442–56 (1993).
S.H. Gillespie, Medical Microbiology Illustrated Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, p. 85 (1994).
K.W. Meng, Y.U. Liang, L. Sheng and E. Cheng, World J. Gastroenterol., 11, 2941 (2005).
T.P.T. Cushnie and A.J. Lamb, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 26, 343 (2005).
B.S. Park, H.K. Lee, S.E. Lee, X.L. Piao, G.R. Takeoka, R.Y. Wong, Y.J. Ahn and J.H. Kim, J. Ethnopharmacol., 105, 255 (2006).
H.S. Yaecob and I.A.M. Tolba, Egyptian J. Desert Res., 56, 393 (2006).
T. Stevic, K. Savikin, M. Ristic, G. Zdunic, T. Jankovic, D. Krivokuca-Djokic and T. Vulic, J. Serbian Chem. Soc., 75, 35 (2010).
A.W. Bauer, W.M.M. Kirby and J.C.M. Sherris, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45, 493 (1966).
R. Cruickshank, Medical Microbiology: A Guide to Diagnosis and Control of Infection, E. and S. Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh, London (1968).
M.I. Choudhary, Dur-e-Shahwar, Z. Parveen, A. Jabbar, I. Ali and Atta-Ur-Rahman, Phytochemistry, 40, 1243 (1995).
A. Meyer-Alber, H. Hartmann, F. Stümpel and W. Creutzfeldt, Gastroenterology, 102, 223 (1992).
J.B. Harbone, D.E. Brown and N.J. Walton, Classes and Functions of Secondary Products from Plants In: Chemical from Plants Perspective on Plants Secondary Products, Imperial College Press, London, p. 18 (1999).
B. Meyer, N. Ferrigni, J. Putnam, L. Jacobsen, D. Nichols and J. McLaughlin, Planta Med., 45, 31 (1982).