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Vol. 26 No. 24 (2014)

Copyright (c) 2014 Syed Salman Shafqat1, Misbahul Ain Khan2, Azham Zulkharnain4, Sinin Hamdan1, Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit1, Amir Azam Khan1

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Synthesis of Arylidene Propanedioic Acids by Knoevenagel Condensation for use in Ceramic Sols

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.17949
Syed Salman Shafqat1
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: E-mail: akamir@feng.unimas.my
Misbahul Ain Khan2
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: E-mail: akamir@feng.unimas.my
Azham Zulkharnain4
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: E-mail: akamir@feng.unimas.my
Sinin Hamdan1
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: E-mail: akamir@feng.unimas.my
Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit1
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: E-mail: akamir@feng.unimas.my
Amir Azam Khan1
1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: E-mail: akamir@feng.unimas.my

Corresponding Author(s) : Syed Salman Shafqat1

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 24 (2014)

Abstract

This paper is primarily concerned with the synthesis of arylidene propanedioic acids by Knoevenagel condensation. Generally organic bases pyridine and piperidine are used as catalyst in Knoevenagel condensation which are costly and health hazard. In this research work, Knoevenagel condensation of various aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde and p-chlorobenzaldehyde) and active methylenes (malonic acid and ethyl acetoacetate) was carried out in the presence of amino acids (glycine, lysine, hippuric acid, methionine and leucine) as catalyst. Using salicylaldehyde gave coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, a solvent free synthesis. These products were isolated and purified and were characterized through melting points, TLC, IR, mass and 1H NMR. These acids are synthesized for eventual development of organically modified ceramic nano powders.

Keywords

Knoevenagel condensation Amino acid catalysis Ceramic sols.
Salman Shafqat1, S., Ain Khan2, M., Zulkharnain4, A., Hamdan1, S., Ragai Henry Rigit1, A., & Azam Khan1, A. (2014). Synthesis of Arylidene Propanedioic Acids by Knoevenagel Condensation for use in Ceramic Sols. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(24), 8463–8466. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.17949
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