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Copyright (c) 2014 Wei He, Zhigang Yuan, Yujia Liu, Yuchong Wang, Linsheng Tang*
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Synergistic Flame Retardancy of Aluminium Dipropyl-Phosphinate and Melamine Cyanurate in Polyamide-6
Corresponding Author(s) : Wei He
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 24 (2014)
Abstract
The synergistic flame retardancy of aluminium dipropylphosphinate (ADPP) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) in polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, the vertical burning test, the cone calorimeter test and the mechanism was also discussed by residural analysis. It was found that there was no obvious synergistic flame retardancy between aluminium dipropylphosphinate and melamine cyanurate in polyamide 6. Compared with the flame-retarded polyamide 6 (FR-PA6) with aluminium dipropylphosphinate, the limiting oxygen index of the FR-PA6 with aluminium dipropylphosphinate/melamine cyanurate with appropriate weight ratios increased slightly, but vertical burning class, heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (PHRR), mass loss rate (MLR) and total heat release (THR) were similar. Additionally, aluminium dipropylphosphinate/melamine cyanurate had a greater influence on the thermal stability of the composites than aluminium dipropylphosphinate and melamine cyanurate. The analysis of the residues obtained in cone calorimeter test showed that aluminium dipropylphosphinate played the role of flame retardancy by gaseous and condensed phase mechanisms. On one hand, aluminium dipropylphosphinate were decomposed into non-volatile aluminum phosphate and promoted the carbonization of polyamide 6 and the formed intumescent layer resulted in flame retardancy by the barrier effect on heat, air and decomposition products, on the other hand, it was decomposed into volatile phosphorus compounds which brought about flame retardancy by flame inhibition.
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- S. Hörold, B. Naß, O. Schacker and W. Wanzke, A New Generation of Flame Retarded Polyamides Based on Phosphinates, Proceedings of Flame Retardant, Interscience Publisher, London (2004).
- S. Hoerold, Flame Retarding Thermosetting Compositions, US Patent 6,420,459 (2002).
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- E. Schlosser, B. Nass and W. Wanzke, Flame-Retardant Combination, US Patent 6,255,371 (2001).
- B. Nass and W. Wanzke, Synergistic Flameproofing Composition for Polymers, US Patent 6,207,736 (2001).
- L.S. Tang, Q.M. Liu, Y.Q. Li and S. Zhang, China Plastics Ind., 39, 110 (2011).
- H.-J. Kleiner, W. Budzinsky and G. Kirsch, Low-Fammability Poly-amide Molding Materials, US Patent 5,773556 (1998).
- U. Braun, B. Schartel, M.A. Fichera and C. Jäger, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92, 1528 (2007).
- U. Braun and B. Schartel, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 293, 206 (2008).
- U. Braun, H. Bahr, H. Sturm and B. Schartel, Polym. Adv. Technol., 19, 680 (2008).
- M. Dogan, S. Erdogan and E. Bayramli, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 112, 871 (2013).
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- Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, edn. 10, p. 12 (1965).
References
S. Hörold, B. Naß, O. Schacker and W. Wanzke, A New Generation of Flame Retarded Polyamides Based on Phosphinates, Proceedings of Flame Retardant, Interscience Publisher, London (2004).
S. Hoerold, Flame Retarding Thermosetting Compositions, US Patent 6,420,459 (2002).
J.R. Campbell, B. Duffy, J.R. Rude, P. Susarla, M.A. Vallance, G.W. Yaeger and K.P. Zarnoch, Flame-Retardant Thermosetting Composition and Method, WO2005/033179 (2005).
L.S. Tang, Z.G. Yuan, L. Xu, X. Li and Y.Z. Ge, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., Article ID 960914 (2013).
E. Jenewein, H.-J. Kleiner, W. Wanzke and W. Budzinsky, Synergistic Flame Protection Agent Combination for Rheromoplastic Polymers, US Patent 6,365071 (2002).
M. Klatt, B. Leutner, M. Nam and H. Fisch, Flame-Retardant Polyester Molding Compositions Containing Flame-Retardant Nitrogen Compounds and Diphosphinates, US Patent 6,503,969 (2003).
E. Schlosser, B. Nass and W. Wanzke, Flame-Retardant Combination, US Patent 6,255,371 (2001).
B. Nass and W. Wanzke, Synergistic Flameproofing Composition for Polymers, US Patent 6,207,736 (2001).
L.S. Tang, Q.M. Liu, Y.Q. Li and S. Zhang, China Plastics Ind., 39, 110 (2011).
H.-J. Kleiner, W. Budzinsky and G. Kirsch, Low-Fammability Poly-amide Molding Materials, US Patent 5,773556 (1998).
U. Braun, B. Schartel, M.A. Fichera and C. Jäger, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92, 1528 (2007).
U. Braun and B. Schartel, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 293, 206 (2008).
U. Braun, H. Bahr, H. Sturm and B. Schartel, Polym. Adv. Technol., 19, 680 (2008).
M. Dogan, S. Erdogan and E. Bayramli, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 112, 871 (2013).
A. Laachachi, M. Cochez, E. Leroy, M. Ferriol and J.M. Lopez-Cuesta, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 92, 61 (2007).
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, edn. 10, p. 12 (1965).