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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Measurements of Indoor 222Rn in Igdir, Turkey with CR-39 Detectors
Corresponding Author(s) : E. Kavaz
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 28 No. 4 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 4
Abstract
The increasing awareness concerning the harmful effects of radiation on organic structures develop an interest to researchers to investigate the sources and impacts within the environment. In nature, the most common source of radiation comes from (a) cosmic rays, (b) g-rays and (c) radon gas. The main radioactive elements in earth’s crust are 40K, 238U, 232Th series, etc. It has been observed that nearly 50 % of the radiation exposed to in daily life comes from Rn isotopes, especially from 222Rn. The radon gas produced by the decay of 238U in rocks diffuses into the environment via soil, water and eventually, the atmosphere. Low lying places such as cellars, basements and unventilated enclosures can accumulate Rn concentrations to unhealthy levels. Therefore, exposure of radon and radon-decay daughter elements is a potential public health problem. Radon monitoring by the Turkish Atomic Energy Agency began in 1984 and most major cities have accumulated base line information, except the Igdir region. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to determine 222Rn activity concentration in houses and public buildings in Igdir region. CR-39 nuclear trace detectors were used in these measurements. Tracks were read and treated by radosys electronic equipment. According to the results, it is found that radon activity concentration is 23-202 Bq/m3 in winter. Mean value for houses was found as 87 Bq/m3.
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- R. Sivakumar, Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 8, 149 (2010).
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References
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R. Sivakumar, Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 8, 149 (2010).
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UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Annex E. Sources to Effects Assessment for Radon in Homes and Workplaces, United Nations, New York (2009).
M. Tirmarche, J.D. Harrison, D. Laurier, F. Paquet, E. Blanchardon and J.W. Marsh, Lung Cancer Risk from Radon and Progeny and Statement on Radon, ICRP Publication 115, Ann. ICRP 40(1) (2010).
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A.F. Saad, H. Al-Awami and N.A. Hussein, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 101, 15 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.03.030.
R. Banjanac, A. Dragic, B. Grabez, D. Jokovic, D. Markushev, B. Panic, V. Udovicic and I. Anicin, Facta universitatis-Series: Phys. Chem. Technol., 4, 93 (2006); doi:10.2298/FUPCT0601093B.
S. Rizzo, M. Brai, S. Basile, S. Bellia and S. Hauser, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 55, 259 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00384-5.
J. Kemski, R. Klingel, A. Siehl and M. Valdivia-Manchego, Environ. Geol., 56, 1269 (2009); doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1226-z.
S. Rahman, N. Mati, Matiullah and B.M. Ghauri, Radiat. Measure., 42, 1715 (2007);doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.07.002.
R. Ciolini and D. Mazed, J. Environ. Radioact.,101, 712 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.04.012.
Z. Stojanovska, J. Januseski, P. Bossew, Z.S. Zunic, T. Tollefsen and M. Ristova, Radiat. Measure., 46, 602 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.04.022.
R. Catalano, G. Imme, G. Mangano, D. Morelli and A.R. Tazzer, Radiat. Measure., 47, 105 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.10.011.
International Commission on Radiological Protection, International Commission on Radiological Protection Statement on Radon, ICRP Ref 00/902/09 (2009); Retrieved September 30, 2010, fromhttp://www.icrp.org/docs/ICRP_Statement_on_Radon.
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M. Mihci, A. Buyuksarac, A. Aydemir and N. Celebi, J. Environ. Radioact., 101, 952 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.06.013.
M. Erdogan, K. Manisa and F. Tel, Carpathian J. Earth Environ. Sci., 10, 273 (2015).
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B. Chah and L. Zikovsky, Water Air Soil Pollut., 51, 133 (1990); doi:10.1007/BF00211510.
M. Caresana, M. Ferrarini, L. Garlati and A. Parravicini, Radiat. Meas., 45, 183 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.01.030.
S.A. Durrani and R. Ilic, Radon Measurements by Etched Trace Detector: Application in Radiation Protection, Earth Sciences and the Environment, World Scientific, (387) New Jersey, USA (1997).
D. Nikezic and K. Yu, Mater. Sci. Eng., 46, 51 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.mser.2004.07.003.
G. Ahn and J.-K. Lee, Nucl. Eng. Technol., 37, 395 (2005).
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/products/statistics/.
National Academy of Science (NAS) Reports, Health Effects of Exposures to Radon, Committee on Health Risks of Exposures to Radon (BEIR VI), National Academy Press (1999).
World Health Organization, Principles for the Assessment of Risks to Human Health From Exposure to Chemicals, Geneva, Environmental Health Criteria No. 210 (1999).
EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Radio Nuclides; Proposed Rules, Federal Register, 56(138), 33050 (1991); www.epa.org.
A.A. Mowlavi, M.R. Fornasier, A. Binesh and M. Denaro, Environ. Monit.Assess., 184, 1085 (2012); doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2022-x.
UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations, New York (2000).
UNSCEAR, United Nations’ Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Ionizing Radiations: Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Report to General Assembly with Scientific Annexes (1993).
ICRP, ICRP Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and Work, Vol. 65, ICRP Pub. International Commission on Radiological Protection (2009).
E.M. Koksal, N. Celebi and B. Ozcinar, Health Phys., 65, 87 (1993); doi:10.1097/00004032-199307000-00010.
F.S. Erees and G. Yener, in ed.: C. Baumstarks-Khan, Radon Levels in New and Old Buildings, In: Fundamentals for the Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation, Kluwer, The Netherlands, pp. 65–68 (1999).
R. Baldik, H. Aytekin and M. Erer, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 289, 297 (2011); doi:10.1007/s10967-011-1077-z.
N. Celik, U. Cevik, A. Celik and B. Kucukomeroglu, J. Environ. Radioact., 99, 1349 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.04.010.
Y. Yarar, T. Gunaydi and E. Kam, Int. Congr. Ser., 1276, 385 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.011.
F.S. Erees, S. Akozcan, Y. Parlak and S. Cam, Radiat. Measure., 41, 598 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.11.004.
B. Can, C. Canbazoglu, N. Albayrak, N. Çelebi and M. Dogru, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 292, 1059 (2012); doi:10.1007/s10967-011-1559-z.