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Vol. 28 No. 11 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 11

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Purification of High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Using Molecular Distillation

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.20095
Abd Al-Wali Japir
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
Jumat Salimon
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Darfizzi Derawi
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Murad Bahadi
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Kluster Perubatan Regeneratif, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Rahimi Yusop

rahimi@ukm.edu.my

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 11 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 11

Abstract

The separation of free fatty acid (FFA) from high free fatty acid crude palm oil (HFFACPO) was done by using molecular distillation (MD). The separation parameters was at their boiling points; a feed amount of 2.3 mL/min; an operating pressure of 10 Torr; a condenser temperature of 60 °C; and a rotor speed of 300 rpm. The physico-chemical characteristics of HFFACPO and purified crude palm oil (PCPO) were determined. The results showed that the percentage of free fatty acid decreased from 8.7 ± 0.3 to 0.9 ± 0.1 %; iodine value from 53.1 ± 0.4 to 52.7 ± 0.5 g I2/100 g; hydroxyl value from 32.5 ± 0.6 to 13.9 ± 1.1 mg KOH/g; unsaponifiable value from 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.15 %; moisture content from 0.31 ± 0.01 to 0.24 ± 0.01 % for HFFACPO and PCPO, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) results showed that the major fatty acids in crude palm oil (CPO) were palmitic acid (44.4 %-45 %) followed by oleic acid (39.6 %-39.8 %). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that the major triacylglycerol (TAG) were POP (30.8-32.4 %) followed by POO (24.9-25.1 %). In general, PCPO showed admirably physico-chemical properties and the quality of purified oil was completely improved.

Keywords

Molecular distillation High free fatty acid crude palm oil Hydroxyl value
Japir, A. A.-W., Salimon, J., Derawi, D., Bahadi, M., & Yusop, M. R. (2016). Purification of High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Using Molecular Distillation. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(11), 2549–2554. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.20095
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