Issue

Vol. 35 No. 6 (2023): Vol 35 Issue 6, 2023

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Exploring the Anionic Surfactant Concentrations and Biological Contamination in Yamuna River: Identifying Potential Sources and Mitigation Strategies

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27725
Jayati Arora
Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida-201313, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-5040
Abhishek Chauhan
Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida-201313, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-1266
Anuj Ranjan
Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida-201313, India Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-9716
Reetu Singh
Department of Chemistry, S.S.V. (P.G.) College, Hapur-245101, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-7910
Khatib Sayeed Ismail
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-3528
Amita G. Dimri
Microbiology Laboratory, Sriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19 University Road, Delhi-110007, India
Rima Biswas
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440020, India
Tanu Jindal
Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida-201313, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-0503

Corresponding Author(s) : Abhishek Chauhan

akchauhan@amity.edu

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 35 No. 6 (2023): Vol 35 Issue 6, 2023

Abstract

Anionic surfactants in the river, particularly downstream in Delhi, have created massive foam-like conditions which may be harmful to aquatic life and humans that come in contact. The present study focussed on the quantification of anionic surfactants, biological contaminants in terms of total bacterial count, total and faecal coliform bacteria and qualitative analysis of pathogenic bacteria from the samples acquired from different sites of Yamuna river. The concentration of anionic surfactants was observed to be between 0.42-3.89 mg L-1 at Okhla barrage, which was significantly high as compared to Wazirabad barrage and ITO bridge. The total bacterial count of Okhla barrage was observed more as compared to Wazirabad barrage and ITO Bridge ranging between 9.7 × 106 to 9.1 × 108 CFU/mL. The findings of total coliform bacteria were observed to be consistently high at Wazirabad barrage ranging between 1.3 × 103 to 9.0 × 104 MPN/100 mL. Qualitative analysis of pathogenic bacteria showed the presence of P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., E. coli and S. aureus. Based on the results obtained in the study, it was inferred that the water quality of Yamuna river at Wazirabad barrage, ITO Bridge and Okhla barrage was poor and thus requires regular monitoring and call for immediate effective mitigation strategies.

Keywords

Total bacterial count Surfactant pollution Coliform bacteria Bioremediation Pathogens Remedial strategies
Arora, J., Chauhan, A., Ranjan, A., Singh, R., Ismail, K. S., Dimri, A. G., … Jindal, T. (2023). Exploring the Anionic Surfactant Concentrations and Biological Contamination in Yamuna River: Identifying Potential Sources and Mitigation Strategies. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 35(6), 1434–1444. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27725
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. S. Akhter, M.A. Bhat, S. Ahmed, W.A. Siddiqi, S. Ahmad and H. Shrimal, Water, 15, 527 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030527
  2. M. Kumar, M. Sharif and S. Ahmed, Int. J. River Basin Manag., 18, 461 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2019.1613412
  3. S. Ahmed, N. Akhtar, A. Rahman, N.C. Mondal, S. Khurshid, S. Sarah, M.M.A. Khan and V. Kamboj, Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag., 18, 100744 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100744
  4. A.H. Khan, H.A. Aziz, N.A. Khan, A. Dhingra, S. Ahmed and M. Naushad, Sci. Total Environ., 794, 148484 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148484
  5. A. Kumar, A. Ranjan, K. Gulati, S. Thakur and T. Jindal, Environ. Earth Sci., 75, 275 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-5016-0
  6. Yamuna River Pollution and Sustainable Solutions for the Future, Earth5R (2020); https://earth5r.org/yamuna-river-pollution-sustainable-solutions-future/
  7. S.S. Talmage, Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants: Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates; Edn. 1; CRC Press, (2020).
  8. S. Sánchez-Muñoz, T. Rocha-Balbino, E. Mier-Alba, F. Gonçalves-Barbosa, F.T. De Pier, A.L.M. De Almeida, A.H.B. Zilla, F.A. Fernandes-Antunes, R. Terán-Hilares, N. Balagurusamy, J.C. dos Santos and S.S. da Silva, Bioresour. Technol., 345, 126477 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126477
  9. S. Sasi, M.P. Rayaroth, C.T. Aravindakumar and U.K. Aravind, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 25, 20527 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0563-4
  10. P.A. Lara-Martín, A. Gómez-Parra and E. González-Mazo, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24, 2196 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1897/04-446R.1
  11. C. Anand, P. Akolkar and R. Chakrabarti, J. Environ. Biol., 27, 97 (2006).
  12. M.A. Mazhar, S. Ahmed, A. Husain, R. Uddin and N.A. Khan, Trends in Organic Contamination in River Yamuna: A Case Study of Delhi Stretch (2007-2016); Preprint (2021); https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-254013/v1
  13. P. Kuhnert, P. Boerlin and J. Frey, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 24, 107 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00535.x
  14. A.A. Hamad, M. Sharaf, M.A. Hamza, S. Selim, H.F. Hetta and W. El-Kazzaz, Microbiol. Spectr., 10, e01516 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01516-21
  15. A.D. Eaton, Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Public Health Association: Washington, DC (1998).
  16. S. Said and A. Hussain, Appl. Water Sci., 9, 46 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0923-y
  17. W.C. Lipps, T.E. Baxter and E. Braun-Howland, Washington DC: APHA Press Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. 5540 surfactants In: Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
  18. A. Chauhan and T. Jindal, Microbiological Methods for Environment, Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis; Springer (2020).
  19. A. Chauhan, P.K. Bharti, P. Goyal, A. Varma and T. Jindal, Springerplus, 4, 582 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1354-3
  20. A.D. Eaton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Waste-water; American Public Health Association, American Public Health Association: D.C. Washington, Edn.; 21 (2005).
  21. M. Shoaib, I. Muzammil, M. Hammad, Z.A. Bhutta and I. Yaseen, Int. J. Res. Publ., 54, 1 (2020); https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP100541620201224
  22. IS 5887-1, Bureau of Indian Standards, Methods for Detection of Bacteria Responsible for Food Poisoning, Part I: Isolation, Identification and Enumeration of Escherichia coli (1976); http://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.5887.1.1976
  23. IS 5887-3, Bureau of Indian Standards, Methods for Detection of Bacteria Responsible for Food Poisoning, Part 3: General Guidance on Methods for the Detection of Salmonella (1999); http://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.5887.3.1999
  24. IS 13428, Bureau of Indian Standards, Packaged Natural Mineral Water (2005); http://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.13428.2005
  25. IS 5887-2, Bureau of Indian Standards, Methods for Detection of Bacteria Responsible for Food Poisoning, Part 2: Isolation, Identification and Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and Faecal streptococci (1976); http://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.5887.2.1976
  26. IS 10500: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Indian Standard Drinking Water-Specification, Publication Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India, pp. 13 (2012); http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/wq-standards.pdf
  27. K.K. Sodhi, M. Kumar and D.K. Singh, Arch. Microbiol., 203, 367 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02045-0
  28. J. Arora, A. Ranjan, A. Chauhan, R. Biswas, V.D. Rajput, S. Sushkova, S. Mandzhieva, T. Minkina and T. Jindal, J. Appl. Microbiol., 133, 1229 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15631
  29. 1S:10500: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Specification for Drinking Water Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India (1991).
  30. D. Pali, J. Univ. Shanghai Sci. Technol., 24, 57 (2022); https://doi.org/10.51201/JUSST/22/0269
  31. A.G. Dimri and D. Singh, UJPAH, 2, (2021).
  32. J.M. Kayembe, F. Thevenon, A. Laffite, P. Sivalingam, P. Ngelinkoto, C.K. Mulaji, J.-P. Otamonga, J.I. Mubedi and J. Poté, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 221, 400 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.003
  33. A. Bisht, R. Chatterjee, A.G. Dimri, D. Singh, A. Mishra, A. Chauhan and T. Jindal, Sci. Arch., 1, 42 (2020); https://doi.org/10.47587/SA.2020.1105
  34. M. Lamba, T.R. Sreekrishnan and S.Z. Ahammad, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8, 102088 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.041
  35. N. Khare, M. Kaushik, J.P. Martin, A. Mohanty and P. Gulati, Environ. Monit. Assess., 192, 681 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08635-1
  36. M. Vaid, K. Mehra, K. Sarma and A. Gupta, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 22, 8767 (2022); https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.408
  37. M. Vaid, K. Sarma, P. Kala and A. Gupta, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 29, 90580 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21710-z
  38. P. Upadhyay, A. Saxena and P. Gauba, J. Mater. Sci. Surface Eng., 6, 905 (2019).
  39. S. Sharma, V.S. Raj, K. Rani and R. Tyagi, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 10, 172 (2021).
  40. K.L.R. Bonhi and S. Imran, Int. J. Sci. Eng., 3, 100 (2015).
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download
AJC-35-6-19
Statistic
Read Counter : 4 Download : 1