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Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ Adsorption onto Activated Carbon from Breadnut Seed Shell

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19885
O.C. Okpareke1
1Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 3Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria *Corresponding author: E-mail: obinna.okpareke@unn.edu.ng
P.M. Ejikeme1
1Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 3Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria *Corresponding author: E-mail: obinna.okpareke@unn.edu.ng
J.C. Igwe3
1Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand 3Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria *Corresponding author: E-mail: obinna.okpareke@unn.edu.ng

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 10 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 10

Abstract

Activated carbon from breadnut shell was prepared and characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDS and BET nitrogen-adsorption surface area and pore volume measurements. The activated carbon was used to study the mechanism of the removal of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution. The effect of pH, temperature, contact time, metal ion concentration and adsorbent loading on the sorption process was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out at room temperature. BET measurements gave a remarkably high surface area (911.2 m2/g) and a total pore volume of 0.008 m2/g. The efficiency of metal ion uptake was found to be dependent on the pH with maximum adsorption at pH between 5.5 and 6.0. The amount of metal ion adsorbed increased with increase in temperature, adsorbent loading, initial metal ion concentration and contact time. Equilibrium was attained after 150 min and the maximum adsorption was achieved at an adsorbent loading of 1.2 g/500 mL metal ion solution. The metal uptake capacity followed the trend Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+. The kinetic studies for the sorption process showed rapid sorption dynamics by a pseudo second order model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models and the adsorption equilibrium data showed that Pb2+ adsorption fitted well to the Langmuir model, while Zn2+ and Cd2+ was better fitted to the Freundlich adsorption model.

Keywords

Activated carbon Kinetics Sorption Breadnut seed shell Heavy metal removal.
Okpareke1, O., Ejikeme1, P., & Igwe3, J. (2016). Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ Adsorption onto Activated Carbon from Breadnut Seed Shell. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(10), 2131–2138. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19885
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