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Production Process of Hand Sanitizer from Vietnamese Coconut Oil
Corresponding Author(s) : Le Minh Bui
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 31 No. 6 (2019): Vol 31 Issue 6
Abstract
Currently, hand sanitizers are seen as an indispensable household product, which not only cleanses and protects the skin from bacteria but also confers skin-softening function. With the objective of research and development the process for producing hand-sanitizer from coconut oil, this study aimed to optimize the production conditions to provide a natural-derived and low-cost hygienic product. The two factors that characterized the standard for product evaluation are the level of foaming and durability of the emulsion, which reflects the cleansing ability of the product from the saponification reaction. Upon analysis, the coconut oil/NaOH ratio of 5.5:1, the alkaline solution concentration of 10 %, 3 h reaction, 80 ºC, stirring speed of 300 rpm, pH 8 and 1:2 dilution rate were found to be the optimal reaction conditions for the highest cleaning ability. In addition, other substances are used for finalizing the product such as moisturizing glycerol, dipropylene glycol, softener skin coca amidopropyl betaine, preservatives dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin, thickener hydroxyethyl cellulose, colour and essential oils.
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- D.M. Conover and K.E. Gibson, Food Control, 63, 53 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.020.
- D.M. Conover and K.E. Gibson, Food Control, 69, 141 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.047.
- P. A. Cornwell, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 40, 16 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12439.
- C.A. Bondi, J.L. Marks, L.B. Wroblewski, H.S. Raatikainen, S.R. Lenox and K.E. Gebhardt, Environ. Health Insights, 9, 27 (2015); https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S31765.
- N. Van Haute and A. Dooms-Goossens, Contact Dermat., 9, 169 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04348.x.
- A.L. Sulfate, Int. J. Toxicol., 2, 1 (1983). https://doi.org/10.3109/10915818309140713.
- A.G. Gopala Krishna, G. Raj, A.S. Bhatnagar, P.K. Prasanth Kumar and P. Chandrashekar, Indian Coconut J., 31, 15 (2010).
- L. Eyres, M.F. Eyres, A. Chisholm and R.C. Brown, Nutr. Rev., 74, 267 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw002.
- A.M. Marina, Y.B. Che Man, S.A.H. Nazimah and I. Amin, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 86, 301 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-009-1351-1.
- S. Intahphuak, P. Khonsung and A. Panthong, Pharm. Biol., 48, 151 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903062614.
- G.C. Gervajio, Fatty Acids and Derivatives from Coconut Oil, KirkOthmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2012).
- S. Kappally, Hygeia J. D. Med., 7, 34 (2015); http://doi.org/10.15254/H.J.D.Med.7.2015.149.
- A.R. Oyi, J.A. Omaolapo and R.C. Obi, Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2, 133 (2010).
- J.B. Taheri, F.W. Espineli, H. Lu, M. Asayesh, M. Bakhshi, M.R. Nakhostin and B. Hooshmand, Res. J. Biol. Sci., 5, 456 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3923/rjbsci.2010.456.459.
- M. Debmandal and S. Mandal, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 4, 241 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3.
- C. Jensen, N.R.M. Buist and T. Wilson, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, 745 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/43.5.745.
- F.M. Dayrit, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 92, 1 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2562-7.
- N.A.N. Norulaini, I.S. Md. Zaidul, O. Anuar and A.K. Mohd. Omar, Sep. Purif. Technol., 39, 133 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(03)00129-1.
References
D.M. Conover and K.E. Gibson, Food Control, 63, 53 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.020.
D.M. Conover and K.E. Gibson, Food Control, 69, 141 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.047.
P. A. Cornwell, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 40, 16 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12439.
C.A. Bondi, J.L. Marks, L.B. Wroblewski, H.S. Raatikainen, S.R. Lenox and K.E. Gebhardt, Environ. Health Insights, 9, 27 (2015); https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S31765.
N. Van Haute and A. Dooms-Goossens, Contact Dermat., 9, 169 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04348.x.
A.L. Sulfate, Int. J. Toxicol., 2, 1 (1983). https://doi.org/10.3109/10915818309140713.
A.G. Gopala Krishna, G. Raj, A.S. Bhatnagar, P.K. Prasanth Kumar and P. Chandrashekar, Indian Coconut J., 31, 15 (2010).
L. Eyres, M.F. Eyres, A. Chisholm and R.C. Brown, Nutr. Rev., 74, 267 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw002.
A.M. Marina, Y.B. Che Man, S.A.H. Nazimah and I. Amin, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 86, 301 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-009-1351-1.
S. Intahphuak, P. Khonsung and A. Panthong, Pharm. Biol., 48, 151 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903062614.
G.C. Gervajio, Fatty Acids and Derivatives from Coconut Oil, KirkOthmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (2012).
S. Kappally, Hygeia J. D. Med., 7, 34 (2015); http://doi.org/10.15254/H.J.D.Med.7.2015.149.
A.R. Oyi, J.A. Omaolapo and R.C. Obi, Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2, 133 (2010).
J.B. Taheri, F.W. Espineli, H. Lu, M. Asayesh, M. Bakhshi, M.R. Nakhostin and B. Hooshmand, Res. J. Biol. Sci., 5, 456 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3923/rjbsci.2010.456.459.
M. Debmandal and S. Mandal, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 4, 241 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60078-3.
C. Jensen, N.R.M. Buist and T. Wilson, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, 745 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/43.5.745.
F.M. Dayrit, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 92, 1 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2562-7.
N.A.N. Norulaini, I.S. Md. Zaidul, O. Anuar and A.K. Mohd. Omar, Sep. Purif. Technol., 39, 133 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(03)00129-1.