Copyright (c) 2015 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Comparison of Different Coagulants for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution
Corresponding Author(s) : S. Suresh
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 9 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 9
Abstract
In today’s World with the degradation of environment, waste management has become important for sustainable development. Attempts were made in this study to examine the performance of coagulation and flocculation process using different coagulants [FeCl3, alum, FeSO4, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), tamarind seed powder, chitosan, xanthum gum] and polyelectrolyte for removal of phenol from aqueous solution. Also, the optimum conditions for coagulation/flocculation process, such as coagulant dose, pH solution, contact time, settling time, initial concentration and temperature were investigated using jar-test experiment. The results revealed that the optimal operating pH were 2, 4,6,4,6,4,8 and 5.8 for tamarind seed powder, FeCl3, FeSO4, alum, polyaluminium chloride, chitosan, xanthum gum and without coagulant, respectively. A maximum percentage removal of phenol was found to be 75 by addition of 100 mg/L polyelectrolyte. The sludge produced, when tamarind seed powder was used solely, was higher compared to the use of combination of polyelectrolyte and tamarind seed powder. The combined use of coagulant and polyelectrolyte resulted in the production of sludge with reduction of 76.3 % of the amount produced.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- S. Suresh, V.C. Srivastava and I.M. Mishra, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 997 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.050.
- U.S. EPA, Federal Register, Washington DC, 52, 25861 (1987).
- Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications Issued Thereunder, Pollution Control Law Series: PCLS/02/2006, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi (2006).
- R. Pachimatla, B. Prasad and S. Suresh, Int. J. Biol. Sci. Eng., 3, 223 (2012).
- S. Suresh, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 15, 48 (2011).
- S. Suresh and D. Ramesh Raja, Int. J. Environ. Res., 5, 349 (2011).
- K.R. Gota and S. Suresh, Asian J. Chem., 26, 7087 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.17142.
- S. Suresh, K.R. Gota and S. Sanago, Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol., 4, 156 (2014).
- M.H. Al-Malack, N.S. Abuzaid and A.H. El-Mubarak, Water Res., 33, 521 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00219-X.
- P.K. Holt, G.W. Barton, M. Wark and C.A.A. Mitchell, Colloids Surf. A, 211, 233 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00285-6.
- D. Georgiou, A. Aivazidis, J. Hatiras and K. Gimouhopoulos, Water Res., 37, 2248 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00481-5.
- N.Z. Al-Mutairi, M.F. Hamoda and I. Al-Ghusain, Bioresour. Technol., 95, 115 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.017.
- J. Duan and J. Gregory, Adv. Colloid Interf., 100–102, 475 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00067-2.
- M.I. Aguilar, J. Saez, M. Llorens, A. Soler, J.F. Ortuno, V. Meseguer and A. Fuentes, Chemosphere, 58, 47 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.008.
- S.K. Dentel, Crit. Rev. Environ. Control, 21, 41 (1991); doi:10.1080/10643389109388409.
- J.R. Pan, C. Huang, S. Chen and Y.-C. Chung, Colloids Surf. A, 147, 359 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00588-3.
- F.N. Kemmer, The Nalco Water Handbook of Coagulation and Flocculation, Unit Operation of Water Treatment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, United States of America, edn 2, pp.8.3-8.12 (1988).
- T. Phani Madhavi and R. Rajkumar, Int. J. ChemTech Res., 5, 1119 (2013).
- H. Patel and R.T. Vashi, Global NEST J., 15, 522 (2013).
- G. Rios, C. Pazos and J. Coca, Colloids Surf. A, 138, 383 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(97)00083-6.
- K. Zhu, M. Gamal El-Din, A.K. Moawad and D. Bromley, Environ. Technol., 25, 1177 (2004); doi:10.1080/09593332508618385.
- O.S. Amuda, I.A. Amoo and O.O. Ajayi, J. Hazard. Mater., 129, 69 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.078.
- APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC (1995).
- S. Pattabi, K. Ramasami, K. Selvam and P. Swaminathan, Indian J. Environ. Prot., 20, 499 (2000).
- M.I. Aguilar, J. Saez, M. Llorens, A. Soler and J.F. Ortuno, Water Res., 36, 2910 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00508-5.
- B.A. Bolto, Prog. Polym. Sci., 20, 987 (1995); doi:10.1016/0079-6700(95)00010-D.
- C. Negro, L.M. Sanchez, E. Fuente, A. Blanco and J. Tijero, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 2522 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.013.
References
S. Suresh, V.C. Srivastava and I.M. Mishra, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 997 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.050.
U.S. EPA, Federal Register, Washington DC, 52, 25861 (1987).
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications Issued Thereunder, Pollution Control Law Series: PCLS/02/2006, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi (2006).
R. Pachimatla, B. Prasad and S. Suresh, Int. J. Biol. Sci. Eng., 3, 223 (2012).
S. Suresh, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 15, 48 (2011).
S. Suresh and D. Ramesh Raja, Int. J. Environ. Res., 5, 349 (2011).
K.R. Gota and S. Suresh, Asian J. Chem., 26, 7087 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.17142.
S. Suresh, K.R. Gota and S. Sanago, Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol., 4, 156 (2014).
M.H. Al-Malack, N.S. Abuzaid and A.H. El-Mubarak, Water Res., 33, 521 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00219-X.
P.K. Holt, G.W. Barton, M. Wark and C.A.A. Mitchell, Colloids Surf. A, 211, 233 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00285-6.
D. Georgiou, A. Aivazidis, J. Hatiras and K. Gimouhopoulos, Water Res., 37, 2248 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00481-5.
N.Z. Al-Mutairi, M.F. Hamoda and I. Al-Ghusain, Bioresour. Technol., 95, 115 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.017.
J. Duan and J. Gregory, Adv. Colloid Interf., 100–102, 475 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00067-2.
M.I. Aguilar, J. Saez, M. Llorens, A. Soler, J.F. Ortuno, V. Meseguer and A. Fuentes, Chemosphere, 58, 47 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.008.
S.K. Dentel, Crit. Rev. Environ. Control, 21, 41 (1991); doi:10.1080/10643389109388409.
J.R. Pan, C. Huang, S. Chen and Y.-C. Chung, Colloids Surf. A, 147, 359 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00588-3.
F.N. Kemmer, The Nalco Water Handbook of Coagulation and Flocculation, Unit Operation of Water Treatment, McGraw-Hill Book Company, United States of America, edn 2, pp.8.3-8.12 (1988).
T. Phani Madhavi and R. Rajkumar, Int. J. ChemTech Res., 5, 1119 (2013).
H. Patel and R.T. Vashi, Global NEST J., 15, 522 (2013).
G. Rios, C. Pazos and J. Coca, Colloids Surf. A, 138, 383 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0927-7757(97)00083-6.
K. Zhu, M. Gamal El-Din, A.K. Moawad and D. Bromley, Environ. Technol., 25, 1177 (2004); doi:10.1080/09593332508618385.
O.S. Amuda, I.A. Amoo and O.O. Ajayi, J. Hazard. Mater., 129, 69 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.078.
APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC (1995).
S. Pattabi, K. Ramasami, K. Selvam and P. Swaminathan, Indian J. Environ. Prot., 20, 499 (2000).
M.I. Aguilar, J. Saez, M. Llorens, A. Soler and J.F. Ortuno, Water Res., 36, 2910 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00508-5.
B.A. Bolto, Prog. Polym. Sci., 20, 987 (1995); doi:10.1016/0079-6700(95)00010-D.
C. Negro, L.M. Sanchez, E. Fuente, A. Blanco and J. Tijero, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 2522 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.013.