Copyright (c) 2015 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Pesticides and Ozofractionation: An Investigation to Remove Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Industrial Wastewater
Corresponding Author(s) : L. Fergusson
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 8 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 8
Abstract
During the last 50 years, a significant amount of research has been carried out on the treatment of pesticides and industrial wastewater using physico-chemical methods. However, ozofractionation has not been investigated as a means to remove pesticides from wastewater, possibly because it is more typically associated with the treatment of water in aquariums. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the impact of ozofractionation on pesticide-contaminated industrial wastewater. A sample was collected from a storm water holding tank at a pesticide manufacturing site in Australia containing chlorpyrifos, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), arsenic and zinc. After preliminary analysis, the sample was subjected to ozofractionation and promising results were observed. Chlorpyrifos, DDT, DDE, arsenic and zinc concentrations were 7.2 μg/L, 108 μg/L, 9.5 μg/L, 0.14 mg/L and 0.44 mg/L before treatment and reduced to < 0.5 μg/L, < 2. 0 μg/L, < 0.5 μg/L, 0.01 mg/L and < 0.005 mg/L respectively after treatment. Before treatment, pesticides and metal concentrations were beyond discharge limits, however ozofractionation brought them within the permissible limits set by environmental agencies and processed wastewater could be discharged to an aquatic ecosystem. These findings indicate that ozofractionation may be a useful method for destroying intractable pesticides and removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater.
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- B.A. Cohn, M.S. Wolff, P.M. Cirillo and R.I. Sholtz, Environ. Health Perspect., 115, 1406 (2007); doi:10.1289/ehp.10260.
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- M. Ghisari and E.C. Bonefeld-Jorgensen, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 244, 31 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.01.013.
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- R. Eisler, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report, 85 (1.12) (1988).
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- N. Pant, A.K. Prasad, S.C. Srivastava, R. Shankar and S.P. Srivastava, Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 14, 889 (1995); doi:10.1177/096032719501401106.
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- European Commission, EU Wide Monitoring Survey on Waste Water Treatment Plant Effluents, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Luxembourg (2012).
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- S.A. Abdel-Gawad, A.M. Baraka, K.A. Omran and M.M. Mokhtar, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 6654 (2012).
- R. Misra, S. Satyanarayan and N. Potle, Int. J. Chem. Phys. Sci., 2, 39 (2013).
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- M. Panizza and G. Cerisola, Water Res., 35, 3987 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00135-X.
- R.D. Villa, A.G. Trovó and R.F.P. Nogueira, J. Hazard. Mater., 174, 770 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.118.
- M. Iqbal and I.A. Bhatti, Asian J. Chem., 26, 4291 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16135.
- M. Iqbal and I.A. Bhatti, Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 51, 1 (2014).
- M. Peña, M. Coca, G. González, R. Rioja and M.T. García, Chemosphere, 51, 893 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00159-0.
- Department of Applied Science, Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Ozone Oxidation, Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Control Research Series, 14010FMH12/70, New York (1970).
- B.R. Babu, K. Mohamed, S. Meera and P. Venkatesan, Sustain. Environ. Res., 21, 401 (2011).
- K. Barbusiñski and K. Filipek, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 10, 207 (2001).
- D. Eichelsdörfer and J. Jandik, Ozone Sci. Eng., 7, 93 (1985); doi:10.1080/01919518508552328.
- R.P. Rice, J. Swimm. Pool and Spa Ind., 25 (1995).
- M.A. Barakat, Arab. J. Chem., 4, 361 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019.
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- J. Peng, B. Peng, D. Yu, M. Tang, J. Lobel and J.A. Kozinski, Transac. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 14, 392 (2004).
References
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M. Sanborn, D. Cole, K. Kerr, C. Vakil, L.H. Sanin and K. Bassil, Pesticides Literature Review, Ontario College of Family Physicians, Toronto, Canada (2004).
P.E. Sumner and A. Speir, Safe Handling of Pesticides, The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service, Fort Valley State College and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA (2014).
L. Rosenstock, M. Keifer, W.E. Daniell, R. McConnell and K. Claypoole, Lancet, 338, 223 (1991); doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90356-T.
R. Speiwak, Ann. Agric. Environ. Med., 8, 1 (2001).
M. Ghisari and E.C. Bonefeld-Jorgensen, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 244, 31 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.01.013.
M.C.R. Alavanja, M. Dosemeci, C. Samanic, J. Lubin, C.F. Lynch, C. Knott, J. Barker, J.A. Hoppin, D.P. Sandler, J. Coble, K. Thomas and A. Blair, Am. J. Epidemiol., 160, 876 (2004); doi:10.1093/aje/kwh290.
D.W. Sparling and G. Fellers, Environ. Pollut., 147, 535 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.036.
E. Spitzer, The Secret Ingredients in Pesticides: Reducing the Risk, Office of the Attorney General of New York State, Environmental Protection Bureau, New York State, New York (2000).
M. Cone, EPA Announces Plan to Require Disclosure of Secret Pesticide Ingredients, Environmental Health News, December 23 (2009).
J. Gao, H. Zhou, G. Pan, J. Wang and B. Chen, Sci. Total Environ., 443, 7 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.086.
R. Eisler, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report, 85 (1.12) (1988).
S. Holmer, EPA Bans Deadly Pesticide Responsible for Millions of Bird Deaths, American Bird Conservancy, May 11 (2009).
N. Pant, A.K. Prasad, S.C. Srivastava, R. Shankar and S.P. Srivastava, Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 14, 889 (1995); doi:10.1177/096032719501401106.
C. Wesseling, M. Keifer, A. Ahlbom, R. McConnell, J.-D. Moon, L. Rosenstock and C. Hogstedt, Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health, 8, 27 (2002); doi:10.1179/oeh.2002.8.1.27.
K. Soltaninejad and S. Shadnia, in eds.: M. Balali-Mood and M. Abdollahi, History of the Use and Epidemiology of Organophosphorus Poisoning, In: Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphate Compounds, Springer-Verlag, London, pp. 25 (2014).
C. Colosio, M. Tiramani and M. Maroni, NeuroToxicology, 24, 577 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00055-X.
K. Than, Nat. Geo, July 18 (2013).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chlorpyrifos: Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment for Registration Review, DP No. D388070, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., June 30 (2011).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Memorandum: Revised Chloryrifos Preliminary Registration Review Drinking Water, Assessment P.C. Code 059101, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., June 30 (2011).
S.M. Bradberry, S.A. Cage, A.T. Proudfoot and J.A. Vale, Toxicol. Rev., 24, 93 (2005); doi:10.2165/00139709-200524020-00003.
H. Altenkirch and D. Hopmann, NeuroToxicology, 17, 645 (1996).
M. Cone, Silent Snow: The Slow Poisoning of the Arctic, New York, Grove Press (2005).
R. Massé, D. Martineau, L. Tremblay and P. Béland, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 15, 567 (1986); doi:10.1007/BF01056571.
World Health Organization, DDT Health Hazard Assessment, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2009).
L. Torres-Sanchez, M. Zepeda, M.E. Cebrian, J. Belkind-Gerson, R.M. Garcia-Hernandez, U. Belkind-Valdovinos and L. Lopez-Carrillo, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1140, 155 (2008); doi:10.1196/annals.1454.004.
S.A. Venners, S. Korrick, X. Xu, C. Chen, W. Guang, A. Huang, L. Altshul, M. Perry, L. Fu and X. Wang, Am. J. Epidemiol., 162, 709 (2005); doi:10.1093/aje/kwi275.
World Health Organization, Environmental Health Criteria 241, DDT in Indoor Residual Spraying: Human Health Aspects, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2011).
M.T. Al Hattab and A.E. Ghaly, J. Environ. Protect., 3, 431 (2012); doi:10.4236/jep.2012.35054.
European Commission, EU Wide Monitoring Survey on Waste Water Treatment Plant Effluents, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Luxembourg (2012).
C. Özdemir, S. Sahinkaya and M. Onüçyildiz, Asian J. Chem., 20, 3795 (2008).
M. Köck-Schulmeyer, M. Villagrasa, M.L. de Alda, R. Céspedes-Sánchez, F. Ventura and D. Barceló, Sci. Total Environ., 458-460, 466 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.010.
S.A. Abdel-Gawad, A.M. Baraka, K.A. Omran and M.M. Mokhtar, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 6654 (2012).
R. Misra, S. Satyanarayan and N. Potle, Int. J. Chem. Phys. Sci., 2, 39 (2013).
P.R. Gogate and A.B. Pandit, Adv. Environ. Res., 8, 501 (2004); doi:10.1016/S1093-0191(03)00032-7.
M. Panizza and G. Cerisola, Water Res., 35, 3987 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00135-X.
R.D. Villa, A.G. Trovó and R.F.P. Nogueira, J. Hazard. Mater., 174, 770 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.118.
M. Iqbal and I.A. Bhatti, Asian J. Chem., 26, 4291 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16135.
M. Iqbal and I.A. Bhatti, Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 51, 1 (2014).
M. Peña, M. Coca, G. González, R. Rioja and M.T. García, Chemosphere, 51, 893 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00159-0.
Department of Applied Science, Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Ozone Oxidation, Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Control Research Series, 14010FMH12/70, New York (1970).
B.R. Babu, K. Mohamed, S. Meera and P. Venkatesan, Sustain. Environ. Res., 21, 401 (2011).
K. Barbusiñski and K. Filipek, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 10, 207 (2001).
D. Eichelsdörfer and J. Jandik, Ozone Sci. Eng., 7, 93 (1985); doi:10.1080/01919518508552328.
R.P. Rice, J. Swimm. Pool and Spa Ind., 25 (1995).
M.A. Barakat, Arab. J. Chem., 4, 361 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019.
J.J. Carlins and R.G. Clark, in eds.: G. Rice and A. Netzer, Ozone Generation by Corona Discharge, In: Handbook of Ozone Technology and Applications, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Vol. 1R, pp. 41-75 (1982).
J.R. Reigart and J.R. Roberts, Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings, Certification and Worker Protection Branch, Field and External Affairs Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., edn 5 (1999).
Australian and New Zealand Environment Conservation Council, Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Australian and New Zealand Environment Conservation Council (ANZECC), Artarmon, NSW, vol. 1 (2000).
S.H. Seo, B.W. Sung, G.J. Kim, K.H. Chu, C.Y. Um, S.L. Yun, Y.H. Ra and K.B. Ko, Water Sci. Technol., 62, 2115 (2010); doi:10.2166/wst.2010.406.
S.K. Mitra, K. Jiang, K. Haas and J. Feldmann, J. Environ. Monit., 7, 1066 (2005); doi:10.1039/b511767d.
S. Wehmeier and J. Feldmann, J. Environ. Monit., 7, 1194 (2005); doi:10.1039/b509538g.
E.M. Krupp, C. Johnson, C. Rechsteiner, M. Moir, D. Leong and J. Feldmann, Spectrochim. Acta A, 62, 970 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.sab.2007.07.009.
J. Peng, B. Peng, D. Yu, M. Tang, J. Lobel and J.A. Kozinski, Transac. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 14, 392 (2004).