Copyright (c) 2015 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Preparation of C60 Nanowhiskers-ZrO2 Nanocomposites and Kinetics for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes
Corresponding Author(s) : Weon Bae Ko
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 6 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 6
Abstract
C60 nanowhiskers were synthesized by liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method and characterized by UV-vis, Raman spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave irradiation was applied to prepare ZrO2 nanoparticles using an aqueous solution of NH4OH containing zirconyl chloride. ZrO2 nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD, TEM and SEM. The C60 nanowhiskers-ZrO2 nanocomposites were heated in an electric furnace at 700 °C under an inert Ar gas atmosphere for 2 h. The crystallinity, morphology and photocatalytic degradation activity of the C60 nanowhiskers-ZrO2 nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The ZrO2 nanoparticles and C60 nanowhiskers-ZrO2 nanocomposites were evaluated as a photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of various organic dyes under ultraviolet light at 254 nm. We have discussed about kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B, and brilliant green with the synthesized C60 nanowhiskers-ZrO2 nanocomposites.
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- M. Sathish and K. Miyazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 13816 (2007); doi:10.1021/ja076251q.
- E.Y. Zhang and C.R. Wang, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 14, 148 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2007.10.002.
- L.K. Shrestha, Y. Yamauchi, J.P. Hill, K. Miyazawa and K. Ariga, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 586 (2013); doi:10.1021/ja3108752.
- K. Miyazawa, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 9, 41 (2009); doi:10.1166/jnn.2009.J013.
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- M. Sathish, K. Miyazawa and T. Sasaki, Chem. Mater., 19, 2398 (2007); doi:10.1021/cm070114a.
- M. Sathish, K. Miyazawa, J.P. Hill and K. Ariga, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 6372 (2009); doi:10.1021/ja902061r.
- M. Sathish and K. Miyazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 13816 (2007); doi:10.1021/ja076251q.
- K. Miyazawa and K. Hotta, J. Cryst. Growth, 312, 2764 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.06.020.
- N.C.S. Selvam, A. Manikandan, L.J. Kennedy and J.J. Vijaya, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 389, 91 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.014.
- M.J. Mayo, Int. Mater. Rev., 41, 85 (1996); doi:10.1179/imr.1996.41.3.85.
- M. Zevin and R. Reisfeld, Opt. Mater., 8, 37 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0925-3467(97)00026-8.
- A. Evans, A. Bieberle-Hütter, J.L.M. Rupp and L.J. Gauckler, J. Power Sources, 194, 119 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.03.048.
- A.A. Ashkarran, S.A.A. Afshar, S.M. Aghigh and M. Kavianipour, Polyhedron, 29, 1370 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.poly.2010.01.003.
- M.N. Nadagouda, T.F. Speth and R.S. Varma, Acc. Chem. Res., 44, 469 (2011); doi:10.1021/ar1001457.
- D. Synnott, M. Seery, S. Hinder, J. Colreavy and S. Pillai, Nanotechnology, 24, 045704 (2013); doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/4/045704.
- W.T. Yao, S.H. Yu, L. Pan, J. Li, Q.S. Wu, L. Zhang and J. Jiang, Small, 1, 320 (2005); doi:10.1002/smll.200400079.
- E.C. Linganiso, S.D. Mhlanga, N.J. Coville and B.W. Mwakikunga, J. Alloys Comp., 552, 345 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.102.
- N. Soltani, E. Saion, M.Z. Hussein, M. Erfani, A. Abedini, G. Bahmanrokh, M. Navasery and P. Vaziri, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 12242 (2012); doi:10.3390/ijms131012242.
- M.A. Behnajady, N. Modirshahla and R. Hamzavi, J. Hazard. Mater., 133, 226 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.022.
- Y.M. Slokar and A.M. Le Marechal, Dyes Pigments, 37, 335 (1998);
- doi:10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00075-2.
- S. Danwittayakul, M. Jaisai and J. Dutta, Appl. Catal. B, 163, 1 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.042.
- R. Saleh and N.F. Djaja, Superlattices Microstruct., 74, 217 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2014.06.013.
- S.K. Hong, J.H. Lee and W.B. Ko, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11, 6049 (2011); doi:10.1166/jnn.2011.4374.
- B.H. Cho, S.W. Ko, W.C. Oh and W.B. Ko, Asian J. Chem., 25, 5063 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.14974.
- K. Miyazawa, Fullerene nanowhiskers, Pan Stanford Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, pp. 33-35 (2012).
- B.H. Cho and W.B. Ko, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, 7625 (2013); doi:10.1166/jnn.2013.7819.
- K. Ullah, S. Ye, S. Sarkar, L. Zhu, Z.D. Meng and W.C. Oh, Asian J. Chem., 26, 145 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.15351.
References
M. Sathish and K. Miyazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 13816 (2007); doi:10.1021/ja076251q.
E.Y. Zhang and C.R. Wang, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 14, 148 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2007.10.002.
L.K. Shrestha, Y. Yamauchi, J.P. Hill, K. Miyazawa and K. Ariga, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 586 (2013); doi:10.1021/ja3108752.
K. Miyazawa, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 9, 41 (2009); doi:10.1166/jnn.2009.J013.
K. Miyazawa, Y. Kuwasaki, A. Obayashi and M. Kuwabara, J. Mater. Res., 17, 83 (2002); doi:10.1557/JMR.2002.0014.
L. Wang, B. Liu, D. Liu, M. Yao, Y. Hou, S. Yu, T. Cui, D. Li, G. Zou, A. Iwasiewicz and B. Sundqvist, Adv. Mater., 18, 1883 (2006); doi:10.1002/adma.200502738.
Y. Jin, R.J. Curry, J. Sloan, R.A. Hatton, L.C. Chong, N. Blanchard, V. Stolojan, H.W. Kroto and S.R.P. Silva, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 3715 (2006); doi:10.1039/B609074E.
L.K. Shrestha, J.P. Hill, T. Tsuruoka, K. Miyazawa and K. Ariga, Langmuir, 29, 7195 (2013); doi:10.1021/la304549v.
M. Sathish, K. Miyazawa and T. Sasaki, Chem. Mater., 19, 2398 (2007); doi:10.1021/cm070114a.
M. Sathish, K. Miyazawa, J.P. Hill and K. Ariga, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 6372 (2009); doi:10.1021/ja902061r.
M. Sathish and K. Miyazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 13816 (2007); doi:10.1021/ja076251q.
K. Miyazawa and K. Hotta, J. Cryst. Growth, 312, 2764 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.06.020.
N.C.S. Selvam, A. Manikandan, L.J. Kennedy and J.J. Vijaya, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 389, 91 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.014.
M.J. Mayo, Int. Mater. Rev., 41, 85 (1996); doi:10.1179/imr.1996.41.3.85.
M. Zevin and R. Reisfeld, Opt. Mater., 8, 37 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0925-3467(97)00026-8.
A. Evans, A. Bieberle-Hütter, J.L.M. Rupp and L.J. Gauckler, J. Power Sources, 194, 119 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.03.048.
A.A. Ashkarran, S.A.A. Afshar, S.M. Aghigh and M. Kavianipour, Polyhedron, 29, 1370 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.poly.2010.01.003.
M.N. Nadagouda, T.F. Speth and R.S. Varma, Acc. Chem. Res., 44, 469 (2011); doi:10.1021/ar1001457.
D. Synnott, M. Seery, S. Hinder, J. Colreavy and S. Pillai, Nanotechnology, 24, 045704 (2013); doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/4/045704.
W.T. Yao, S.H. Yu, L. Pan, J. Li, Q.S. Wu, L. Zhang and J. Jiang, Small, 1, 320 (2005); doi:10.1002/smll.200400079.
E.C. Linganiso, S.D. Mhlanga, N.J. Coville and B.W. Mwakikunga, J. Alloys Comp., 552, 345 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.102.
N. Soltani, E. Saion, M.Z. Hussein, M. Erfani, A. Abedini, G. Bahmanrokh, M. Navasery and P. Vaziri, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 12242 (2012); doi:10.3390/ijms131012242.
M.A. Behnajady, N. Modirshahla and R. Hamzavi, J. Hazard. Mater., 133, 226 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.022.
Y.M. Slokar and A.M. Le Marechal, Dyes Pigments, 37, 335 (1998);
doi:10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00075-2.
S. Danwittayakul, M. Jaisai and J. Dutta, Appl. Catal. B, 163, 1 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.042.
R. Saleh and N.F. Djaja, Superlattices Microstruct., 74, 217 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2014.06.013.
S.K. Hong, J.H. Lee and W.B. Ko, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11, 6049 (2011); doi:10.1166/jnn.2011.4374.
B.H. Cho, S.W. Ko, W.C. Oh and W.B. Ko, Asian J. Chem., 25, 5063 (2013); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2013.14974.
K. Miyazawa, Fullerene nanowhiskers, Pan Stanford Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, pp. 33-35 (2012).
B.H. Cho and W.B. Ko, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 13, 7625 (2013); doi:10.1166/jnn.2013.7819.
K. Ullah, S. Ye, S. Sarkar, L. Zhu, Z.D. Meng and W.C. Oh, Asian J. Chem., 26, 145 (2014); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.15351.