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Removal of Cr(VI) by Immobilized Consortium of Freshwater Microalgae in Batch and Continuous System
Corresponding Author(s) : Amitava Mukherjee
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 6 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 6
Abstract
The potential of an adsorption coupled reduction process for removal of chromium(VI) was evaluated using immobilized algal consortium (of fresh water isolates, Oocystis, Nostoc, Syncoccus and Desimococcus species) through batch reactor studies. The batch sorption capacity of algae was substantially enhanced on adaptation to Cr(VI) and consortium formation (83.53 mg/g). The batch data followed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo first order kinetics. The effective applicability of the sorbent for Cr(VI) removal was tested in packed bed column reactor. At the adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, flow rate of 3 mL/min, bed height of 20 cm and initial Cr(VI) concentration of 300 mg/L, maximum adsorption capacity of 579.2 mg/g was achieved. The possible mechanism of adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) was explained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) on the sorbent surface.
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- S.V. Gokhale, K.K. Jyoti and S.S. Lele, J. Hazard. Mater., 170, 735 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.005.
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References
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S.K. Singh, A. Bansal, M.A. Jha and A. Dey, Bioresour. Technol., 104, 257 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.044.
A.H. Ullrich and M.W. Smith, Ind. Wastes, 23, 1248 (1951).
J.M. Modak and K.A. Natarajan, Miner. Metall. Proc., 121, 89 (1995).
J.L. Zhou and R.J. Kiff, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 52, 317 (1991); doi:10.1002/jctb.280520305.
G. Yan and T. Viraraghavan, Water S.A., 26, 119 (2000).
O.R. Zimmo, R.A. Saed and H. Gijzen, Water Sci. Technol., 42, 215 (2000).
A. Ruiz-Marin, L.G. Mendoza-Espinosa and T. Stephenson, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 58 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.076.
P.S. Lau, N.F.Y. Tam and Y.S. Wong, Environ. Technol., 18, 945 (1997); doi:10.1080/09593331808616614.
M.N. Kathiravan, R. Karthiga Rani, R. Karthick and K. Muthukumar, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 853 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.088.
B. Volesky and H.A. May Phillips, J. Appl. Microbial. Biotechnol., 42, 797 (1995); doi:10.1007/BF00171964.
H.H. Tønnesen and J. Karlsen, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 28, 621 (2002); doi:10.1081/DDC-120003853.
C. Bucke, Methods Enzymol., 135, 175 (1987); doi:10.1016/0076-6879(87)35076-1.
P.K. Robinson and S.C. Wilkinson, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 16, 802 (1994); doi:10.1016/0141-0229(94)90039-6.
P.S. Lau, N.F.Y. Tam and Y.S. Wong, Bioresour. Technol., 63, 115 (1998); doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00111-9.
J. Samuel, M.L. Paul, M. Pulimi, M.J. Nirmala, N. Chandrasekaran and A. Mukherjee, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 3740 (2012); doi:10.1021/ie201796s.
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N. Fiol, C. Escudero, J. Poch and I. Villaescusa, React. Funct. Polym., 66, 795 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.11.006.
K. Anjana, A. Kaushik, B. Kiran and R. Nisha, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 383 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.051.
J. Bajpai, R. Shrivastava and A.K. Bajpai, Colloids Surf. A, 236, 81 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.021.
A. Selatnia, M.Z. Bakhti, A. Madani, I. Kertous and Y. Mansouri, Hydrometallurgy, 75, 11 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.06.005.
S.S. Baral, S.N. Das and P. Rath, Biochem. Eng. J., 31, 216 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.bej.2006.08.003.
M. Jain, V.K. Garg and K. Kadirvelu, J. Environ. Manage., 91, 949 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.002.
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V.K. Gupta, A.K. Shrivastava and N. Jain, Water Res., 35, 4079 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00138-5.
M.L. Paul, J. Samuel, N. Chandrasekaran and A. Mukherjee, Chem. Eng. J., 187, 104 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.106.
B. Greene, M. Hosea, R. McPherson, M. Henzl, M.D. Alexander and D.W. Darnall, Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 627 (1986); doi:10.1021/es00148a014.
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Z. Lin, Y. Ye, Q. Li, Z. Xu and M. Wang, BMC Biotechnol., 11, 98 (2011); doi:10.1186/1472-6750-11-98.
V. Daier, S. Signorella, M. Rizzotto, M.I. Frascaroli, C. Palopoli, C. Brondino, J.M. Salas-Peregrin and L.F. Sala, Can. J. Chem., 77, 57 (1999); doi:10.1139/cjc-77-1-57.
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N. Chen, Z.Y. Zhang, C.P. Feng, M. Li, R.Z. Chen and N. Sugiura, Desalination, 268, 76 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.053.
S.S. Baral, N. Das, T.S. Ramulu, S.K. Sahoo, S.N. Das and G.R. Chaudhury, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 1427 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.127.
E. Malkoc, Y. Nuhoglu and Y. Abali, Chem. Eng. J., 119, 61 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2006.01.019.
R. Vimala, D. Charumathi and N. Das, Desalination, 275, 291 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.014.
B. Preetha and T. Viruthagiri, Sep. Purif. Technol., 57, 126 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2007.03.015.
R. Han, Y. Wang, X. Zhao, Y. Wang, F. Xie, J. Cheng and M. Tang, Desalination, 245, 284 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.07.013.
A.A. Ahmad and B.H. Hameed, J. Hazard. Mater., 175, 298 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.003.
Z. Aksu, F. Gönen and Z. Demircan, Process Biochem., 38, 175 (2002); doi:10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00053-5.
M. Calero, F. Hernáinz, G. Blázquez, G. Tenorio and M.A. Martín-Lara, J. Hazard. Mater., 171, 886 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.082.
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R. Kumar, D. Bhatia, R. Singh, S. Rani and N.R. Bishnoi, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr., 65, 1133 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.09.003.
V.K. Gupta, A.K. Shrivastava and N. Jain, Water Res., 35, 4079 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00138-5.
H. Li, T. Liu, Z. Li and L. Deng, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 2234 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.033.
L. Deng, Y. Zhang, J. Qin, X. Wang and X. Zhu, Miner. Eng., 22, 372 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2008.10.006.
A. El-Sikaily, A.E. Nemr, A. Khaled and O. Abdelwehab, J. Hazard. Mater., 148, 216 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.146.
S. Chen, Q. Yue, B. Gao, Q. Li, X. Xu and K. Fu, Bioresour. Technol., 113, 114 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.110.
M.G.A. Vieira, R.M. Oisiovici, M.L. Gimenes and M.G.C. Silva, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 3094 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.071.
L. Deng, Y. Su, H. Su, X. Wang and X. Zhu, J. Hazard. Mater., 143, 220 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.009.
S.V. Gokhale, K.K. Jyoti and S.S. Lele, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 3600 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.039.