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Interpretation on Groundwater Hydro-Chemistry in West Coastal Locations of Kanyakumari District, India
Corresponding Author(s) : K. Ganesan
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 27 No. 2 (2015): Vol 27 Issue 2
Abstract
In the present investigation, groundwater sampling and characteristics were carried out by collecting 19 samples from 19 different stations (S1-S19) of west coastal locations in between Kanyakumari to Thengapatnam, during the period August 2012 to August 2013 to decipher the hydro-geochemistry, hydro-chemical parameters with facies by using Chadha's plot and the analytical data were interpreted according to published guide line. The results illustrate that there is a great correlation between electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. pH was within the maximum limit as per ALFA i.e., 7.6 to 8.7. Further, all the study locations revealed that the area up to a distance of 224-273 m was found to be brackish to saline in nature. Mainstream of the samples exist in less same way with minor exceptions irrespective of type of weather and are within the limit approved by WHO.
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- N. Subba Rao and D. John Devadas, J. Appl. Geochem., 7, 9 (2005).
- A.M. Piper, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 25, 914 (1944); doi:10.1029/TR025i006p00914.
- D. Ray, R. Ravindar Rao, A.V. Bhoi, A.K. Biswas, A.K. Ganguly and P.B. Sanyal, Environ. Monit. Assess., 61, 387 (2000); doi:10.1023/A:1006165615097.
- L. Giridharan, T. Venugopal and M. Jayaprakash, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 56, 654 (2009); doi:10.1007/s00244-009-9310-2.
- A. Abdollahi-Nasab, M.C. Boufadel, H. Li and J.W. Weaver, J. Hydrol., 386, 1 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.005.
- P.R. Patil, S.R. Badgujar and A.M. Warke, Oriental J. Chem., 17, 283 (2001).
- M.L. Davis and D.A. Cornwell, Introduction to Environmental Engineering, McGraw Hill, 3rd Ed., PWS, Publishers, New York, p. 93 (1991).
- S. Bhagavathi Perumal and P. Thamarai, Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 3, 37 (2008).
- S. Bhagavathi Perumal and P. Thamarai, Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 3, 139 (2008).
- C. Palpandi, Int. J. Biodiv. Conserv., 3, 121 (2011).
- R.K. Ranjan, J. Routh and A.L. Ramanathan, Appl. Geochem., 25, 1176 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.05.003.
- P. Swarna Latha and K. Nageswara Rao, J. Environ. Earth Sci., 66, 2143 (2012); doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1438-5.
- S.V. Sarath Prasanth, N.S. Magesh, K.V. Jitheshlal, N. Chandrasekar and K. Gangadhar, Appl. Water Sci., 2, 165 (2012); doi:10.1007/s13201-012-0042-5.
- Y. Srinivas, D.H. Oliver, A.S. Raj and N. Chandrasekar, Appl. Water Sci., 3, 631 (2013); doi:10.1007/s13201-013-0109-y.
- CGWB, Technical Report, Central Ground Water Board (2008).
- PWD, Groundwater Perspectives: A Profile of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu Public Works Department, India (2005).
- A.D. Eaton, L.S. Clescri, E.W. Rice, A.E. Greenberg and M.A.H. Franson, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, USA, edn 21 (2005).
- E. Brown, M.W. Skougsted and M.J. Fishman, Methods for collection and analysis of water sample for dissolved minerals and gases. US Department of Interior, book no. 5 (1974).
- APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, edn. 19 (1989).
- WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, edn. 2, 3 and 4 (1993, 2004, 2011).
- R. Ramesh, K. Shiv Kumar, S. Eswaramoorthi and G.R. Purvaja, Environ. Geol., 25, 126 (1995); doi:10.1007/BF00767869.
- D.K. Todd, Groundwater Hydrology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 535 (1980).
- C.H. Sawyer, Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York (1960).
- P.N. Palanisamy, A. Geetha, M. Sujatha, P. Sivakumar and K. Karunakaran, E-J. Chem., 4, 434 (2007); doi:10.1155/2007/547380.
- V.S. Durvey, L.L. Sharma, V.P. Sainim and B.K. Sharma, Handbook on the Methodology of Water Quality Assessment Rajasthan, Agriculture University, India (1991).
- N. Janardhana Raju, U.K. Shukla and P. Ram, Environ. Monit. Assess., 173, 279 (2011); doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1387-6.
- K.V. Paliwal, Ann. Arid Zone, 10, 266 (1971).
- H. Manjunatha, H.B. Arvinda and E.T. Puttaih, Indian J. Environ. Prot., 31, 511 (2011).
- T.C. Maiti, Sci. Report, 9, 360 (1982).
- S.C. Gupta, Curr. Agric., 24, 37 (2000).
- D.K. Chadha, Hydrogeol. J., 7, 431 (1999); doi:10.1007/s100400050216.
References
N. Subba Rao and D. John Devadas, J. Appl. Geochem., 7, 9 (2005).
A.M. Piper, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 25, 914 (1944); doi:10.1029/TR025i006p00914.
D. Ray, R. Ravindar Rao, A.V. Bhoi, A.K. Biswas, A.K. Ganguly and P.B. Sanyal, Environ. Monit. Assess., 61, 387 (2000); doi:10.1023/A:1006165615097.
L. Giridharan, T. Venugopal and M. Jayaprakash, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 56, 654 (2009); doi:10.1007/s00244-009-9310-2.
A. Abdollahi-Nasab, M.C. Boufadel, H. Li and J.W. Weaver, J. Hydrol., 386, 1 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.005.
P.R. Patil, S.R. Badgujar and A.M. Warke, Oriental J. Chem., 17, 283 (2001).
M.L. Davis and D.A. Cornwell, Introduction to Environmental Engineering, McGraw Hill, 3rd Ed., PWS, Publishers, New York, p. 93 (1991).
S. Bhagavathi Perumal and P. Thamarai, Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 3, 37 (2008).
S. Bhagavathi Perumal and P. Thamarai, Int. J. Appl. Environ. Sci., 3, 139 (2008).
C. Palpandi, Int. J. Biodiv. Conserv., 3, 121 (2011).
R.K. Ranjan, J. Routh and A.L. Ramanathan, Appl. Geochem., 25, 1176 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.05.003.
P. Swarna Latha and K. Nageswara Rao, J. Environ. Earth Sci., 66, 2143 (2012); doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1438-5.
S.V. Sarath Prasanth, N.S. Magesh, K.V. Jitheshlal, N. Chandrasekar and K. Gangadhar, Appl. Water Sci., 2, 165 (2012); doi:10.1007/s13201-012-0042-5.
Y. Srinivas, D.H. Oliver, A.S. Raj and N. Chandrasekar, Appl. Water Sci., 3, 631 (2013); doi:10.1007/s13201-013-0109-y.
CGWB, Technical Report, Central Ground Water Board (2008).
PWD, Groundwater Perspectives: A Profile of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu Public Works Department, India (2005).
A.D. Eaton, L.S. Clescri, E.W. Rice, A.E. Greenberg and M.A.H. Franson, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, USA, edn 21 (2005).
E. Brown, M.W. Skougsted and M.J. Fishman, Methods for collection and analysis of water sample for dissolved minerals and gases. US Department of Interior, book no. 5 (1974).
APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, edn. 19 (1989).
WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, edn. 2, 3 and 4 (1993, 2004, 2011).
R. Ramesh, K. Shiv Kumar, S. Eswaramoorthi and G.R. Purvaja, Environ. Geol., 25, 126 (1995); doi:10.1007/BF00767869.
D.K. Todd, Groundwater Hydrology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 535 (1980).
C.H. Sawyer, Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York (1960).
P.N. Palanisamy, A. Geetha, M. Sujatha, P. Sivakumar and K. Karunakaran, E-J. Chem., 4, 434 (2007); doi:10.1155/2007/547380.
V.S. Durvey, L.L. Sharma, V.P. Sainim and B.K. Sharma, Handbook on the Methodology of Water Quality Assessment Rajasthan, Agriculture University, India (1991).
N. Janardhana Raju, U.K. Shukla and P. Ram, Environ. Monit. Assess., 173, 279 (2011); doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1387-6.
K.V. Paliwal, Ann. Arid Zone, 10, 266 (1971).
H. Manjunatha, H.B. Arvinda and E.T. Puttaih, Indian J. Environ. Prot., 31, 511 (2011).
T.C. Maiti, Sci. Report, 9, 360 (1982).
S.C. Gupta, Curr. Agric., 24, 37 (2000).
D.K. Chadha, Hydrogeol. J., 7, 431 (1999); doi:10.1007/s100400050216.