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Synthesis and Characterization of Long-Chain Dialkyl Carbonate
Corresponding Author(s) : Junling Yang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 4 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 4
Abstract
Dialkyl carbonate are currently of commercial interest as lubricants and additives in various industrial applications. Alcoholysis of urea is considered to be a novel and promising process during the synthesis of carbonate ester. Urea and nonanol reacted in the presence of dibutyltin oxide as the catalyst. Dialkyl carbonate was purified by Kügelrohr distillation and characterized by FTIR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Dibutyltin oxide catalyst system show excellent catalytic activity and got the highest dinonyl carbonate yield 53.9 %. The optimized reacted conditions of the highest yield were as follow: reaction time was 3h; reaction temperature was 473 K; molar ratio of urea to ethanol was 2; concentration of catalyst (dibutyltin oxide) was 2 wt %. Under these conditions, dialkyl carbonate with symmetrical structure can be synthesized.
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- X.B. Ma, S.Y. Huang, S.P. Wang and B.P. Zhang, Petrochem. Technol., 7, 697 (2010).
- N.S. Roh, B.C. Dunn, E.M. Eyring, R.J. Pugmire and H.L.C. Meuzelaar, Fuel Process. Technol., 83, 27 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0378-3820(03)00079-1.
- Y.S. Ono. Y. Ono, Catal. Today, 35, 15 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00130-7.
- M. Rüsch gen. Klaas and S. Warwel. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 103, 810 (2001); doi:10.1002/1438-9312(200112)103:12<810::AID-EJLT810>3.0.CO;2-G.
- J.Q. Wu, H.S. Tian and Y.F. Zhu, Guangdong Chem. Ind., 7, 12 (2007).
- J.A. Kenar, G. Knothe, A.L. Copes. J.A. Kenar, G. Knothe and A.L. Copes, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 81, 285 (2004); doi:10.1007/s11746-004-0897-4.
- T. Shu, W.L. Mo, H. Xiong and G.X. Li, Petrochem. Technol., 35, 11 (2006).
- Q.B. Li, N. Zhao, W. Wei and Y.H. Sun, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 270, 44 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2007.01.018.
- D.P. Wang, B.L. Yang, X.W. Zhai and L.G. Zhou, Fuel Process. Technol., 88, 807 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.04.003.
References
X.B. Ma, S.Y. Huang, S.P. Wang and B.P. Zhang, Petrochem. Technol., 7, 697 (2010).
N.S. Roh, B.C. Dunn, E.M. Eyring, R.J. Pugmire and H.L.C. Meuzelaar, Fuel Process. Technol., 83, 27 (2003); doi:10.1016/S0378-3820(03)00079-1.
Y.S. Ono. Y. Ono, Catal. Today, 35, 15 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00130-7.
M. Rüsch gen. Klaas and S. Warwel. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 103, 810 (2001); doi:10.1002/1438-9312(200112)103:12<810::AID-EJLT810>3.0.CO;2-G.
J.Q. Wu, H.S. Tian and Y.F. Zhu, Guangdong Chem. Ind., 7, 12 (2007).
J.A. Kenar, G. Knothe, A.L. Copes. J.A. Kenar, G. Knothe and A.L. Copes, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 81, 285 (2004); doi:10.1007/s11746-004-0897-4.
T. Shu, W.L. Mo, H. Xiong and G.X. Li, Petrochem. Technol., 35, 11 (2006).
Q.B. Li, N. Zhao, W. Wei and Y.H. Sun, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 270, 44 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2007.01.018.
D.P. Wang, B.L. Yang, X.W. Zhai and L.G. Zhou, Fuel Process. Technol., 88, 807 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.04.003.