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Copyright (c) 2014 Morteza Mohsenipour1, Shamsuddin Shahid1, Kumars Ebrahimi2
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Removal Techniques of Nitrate from Water: A Review
Corresponding Author(s) : Morteza Mohsenipour1
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 23 (2014)
Abstract
Nitrate pollution of water is a major environmental problem all over the world. Consequently, numerous techniques have been developed to remove or reduction of nitrate in water. A review of removal techniques of nitrate from water has been carried out in this paper. Recent literatures related to various techniques including reverse osmosis, ion exchange, electrodialysis, biological denitrification, chemical denitrification, adsorption methods using different adsorbents like carbon base, agricultural waste, natural materials are systematically review to assess their performance. The paper reveals that adsorption could be the most promising technique of removal of nitrate from water in near future.
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- Z.A. Amin, The Water Problem. Retrieved on October 21, 2013. From www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/198/40385.html (2007).
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- T.S. Thompson, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 66, 64 (2001).
- A. Bhatnagar and M. Sillanpaa, Chem. Eng. J., 168, 493 (2011).
- S. Suthar, P. Bishnoi, S. Singh, P.K. Mutiyar, A.K. Nema and N.S. Patil, Indian J. Hazard. Mater., 171, 189 (2009).
- WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Recommendations, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Vol. I (1984).
- EPA, Quality Criteria for Water, USA Environmental Protections Autho-rity, Washington D.C., USA (1986).
- F. Lasserre, M. Razack and O. Banton, J. Hydrol., 224, 81 (1999).
- M. de Wit and G. Bendoricchio, Sci. Total Environ., 273, 147 (2001).
- J. Garnier, J. Nemery, G. Billen and S. Thery, J. Hydrol., 304, 397 (2005).
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Post-conciliation Partial Regulatory Impact Assessment.Groundwater Proposals under Article 17 of the Water Framework Directive. Draft final report. London: Defra (2006).
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- S. Islam and M.T. Suidan, Water Res., 32, 528 (1998).
- S.J. Ergas and A.F. Reuss, J. Water Supply Res. Technol., 50, 161 (2001).
- M. Shrimali and K.P. Singh, Environ. Pollut., 112, 351 (2001).
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- M. Prosnansky, Y. Sakakibara and M. Kuroda, Water Res., 36, 4801 (2002).
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- F. Valero and R. Arbós, Desalination, 253, 170 (2010).
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- M.Z. Kassaee, E. Motamedi, A. Mikhak and R. Rahnemaie, Chem. Eng. J., 166, 490 (2011).
- J. Flis, Mater. Sci. Monograph, 59, 57 (1991).
- Y.H. Huang and T.C. Zhang, J. Environ. Eng., 128, 604 (2002).
- C.M. Su and R.W. Puls, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2715 (2004).
- B.A. Till, L.J. Weathers and P.J. Alvarez, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 634 (1998).
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- T. Wajima, Y. Umeta, S. Narita and K. Sugawara, Desalination, 249, 323 (2009).
- C. Namasivayam and D. Sangeetha, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 12, 513 (2005).
- W.J. Huang and Y.L. Cheng, Sep. Sci. Technol., 59, 101 (2008).
- Y. Xi, M. Mallavarapu and R. Naidu, Appl. Clay Sci., 48, 92 (2010).
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- K.G. Bhattacharyya and S.S. Gupta, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 140, 114 (2008).
- B.J. Allred, J.M. Bigham and G.O. Brown, Vadose Zone J., 6, 221 (2007).
- C.J. Mena-Duran, M.R. Sun Kou, T. Lopez, J.A. Azamar-Barrios, D.H. Aguilar, M.I. Domínguez, J.A. Odriozola and P. Quintana, Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 5762 (2007).
- A. Ozcan, M. Sahin and A.S. Ozcan, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 23, 323 (2005).
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- J. Schick, P. Caullet, J.-L. Paillaud, J. Patarin and C. Mangold-Callarec, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 132, 395 (2010).
- A. Mazeikiene, M. Valentukeviciene, M. Rimeika, A.B. Matuzevicius and R. Dauknys, J. Environ. Eng. Landscape Manage., 16, 38 (2008).
- Z. Li and R.S. Bowman, Water Res., 35, 322 (2001).
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- Y. Wang, B. Gao, W. Yue and Q. Yue, J. Environ. Sci. (China), 19, 1305 (2007).
- M.L. Hassan, N.F. Kassem and A.H. Abd El-Kader, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117, 2205 (2010).
- P.C. Mishra and R.K. Patel, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 519 (2009).
- H. Demiral and G. Gunduzoglu, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 1675 (2010).
- M. Karimi, M.H. Entezari and M. Chamsaz, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 711 (2010).
- Y. Cengeloglu, A. Tor, M. Ersoz and G. Arslan, Sep. Purif. Technol., 51, 374 (2006).
- A. Bhatnagar and A. Sillanpaa, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 152, 26 (2009).
- S. Chatterjee and S.H. Woo, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 1012 (2009).
- M. Islam and R. Patel, Desalination, 256, 120 (2010).
- S. Tezuka, R. Chitrakar, A. Sonoda, K. Ooi and T. Tomida, Green Chem., 6, 104 (2004).
- M. Islam and R. Patel, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 524 (2009).
- K. Hosni and E. Srasra, Inorg. Mater., 44, 742 (2008).
- A. Rezaee, H. Godini, S. Dehestani and A. Khavanin, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 5, 125 (2008).
- Y. Xie, S. Li, F. Wang and G. Liu, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 56 (2010).
References
Z.A. Amin, The Water Problem. Retrieved on October 21, 2013. From www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/198/40385.html (2007).
European Union, Water Framework Directive, Directive 2000/60/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000, Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy, DO L 327 of 22 December (2000).
C. Martínez-Navarrete, A. Jiménez-Madrid, I. Sánchez-Navarro, F. Carrasco-Cantos and L. Moreno-Merino, Int. J. Water Resour. Dev., 27, 227 (2011).
M.O. Rivett, S.R. Buss, P. Morgan, J.W.N. Smith and C.D. Bemment, Water Res., 42, 4215 (2008).
T.S. Thompson, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 66, 64 (2001).
A. Bhatnagar and M. Sillanpaa, Chem. Eng. J., 168, 493 (2011).
S. Suthar, P. Bishnoi, S. Singh, P.K. Mutiyar, A.K. Nema and N.S. Patil, Indian J. Hazard. Mater., 171, 189 (2009).
WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Recommendations, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Vol. I (1984).
EPA, Quality Criteria for Water, USA Environmental Protections Autho-rity, Washington D.C., USA (1986).
F. Lasserre, M. Razack and O. Banton, J. Hydrol., 224, 81 (1999).
M. de Wit and G. Bendoricchio, Sci. Total Environ., 273, 147 (2001).
J. Garnier, J. Nemery, G. Billen and S. Thery, J. Hydrol., 304, 397 (2005).
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Post-conciliation Partial Regulatory Impact Assessment.Groundwater Proposals under Article 17 of the Water Framework Directive. Draft final report. London: Defra (2006).
K.J. Howe. Technical Challenges to Concentrate Disposal from Inland Desalination. The University of New Mexico, Department of Civil Engineering. In: Proceedings Identifying Technologies to Improve Regional Water Stewardship: A Conference Series Featuring Intersections of Technology and Water Management North- Middle Rio Grande Corridor (2004).
D. Elyanow and J. Persechino, Advances in Nitrate Removal, GE - General Electric Company, Water & Process Technologies. Retrieve on June 11, 2013 from http://www.gewater.com/pdf/Technical%20-PapersCust/Americas/English/TP1033EN.pdf (2005).
M. Kumar and S. Chakraborty, J. Hazard. Mater., 135, 112 (2006).
A. Bhatnagar and M. Sillanpaa, Chem. Eng. J., 157, 277 (2010).
A. Bhatnagar, E. Kumar and M. Sillanpää, Chem. Eng. J., 163, 317 (2010).
F. Valero, A. Barceló and R. Arbós, in ed.: M. Schorr, Electrodialysis Technology-Theory and Applications, In: Desalination, Trends and Technologies, InTech, Croatia (2011).
C. Seidel, C. Gorman, J.L. Darby and V.B. Jensen, An Assessment of the State of Nitrate Treatment Alternative. Final Report, American Water Works Association Inorganic Contaminant Research and Inorganic Water Quality Joint Project Committees (2011).
M. Malakootian, K.Yaghmaian and M. Tahergorabi, J. Hygiene Rise, 10, 35 (2012).
S. Islam and M.T. Suidan, Water Res., 32, 528 (1998).
S.J. Ergas and A.F. Reuss, J. Water Supply Res. Technol., 50, 161 (2001).
M. Shrimali and K.P. Singh, Environ. Pollut., 112, 351 (2001).
Z. Feleke and Y. Sakakibara, Water Res., 36, 3092 (2002).
M. Prosnansky, Y. Sakakibara and M. Kuroda, Water Res., 36, 4801 (2002).
K.S. Haugen, M.J. Semmens and P.J. Novak, Water Res., 36, 3497 (2002).
J.N. Cevaal, W.B. Suratt and J.E. Burke, Desalination, 103, 101 (1995).
J. Black. Treasure from the Deep: Drinking Water. Retrieved on May 1, 2013 from http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2003-04-30/treasure-from-the-deep-drinking-water.
A. Kapoor and T. Viraraghavan, J. Environ. Eng., 123, 371 (1997).
B.I. Dvorak and S.O. Skipton, Drinking Water Treatment: Reverse Osmosis, NebGuide, University ofNebraska, Lincoln. Retrieved on April 25, 2008. From <http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/g1490/build/g1490.pdf>.
A. Torabian, A.H. Hasani, M. Sammak Abedi, Sci. Environ. Technol., 8, 21 (2006).
D. Clifford, C.-C. Lin, L.-L. Horng and J. Boegel, Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water in Glendale,Arizona. USEPA, EPA-600/S2-86/107 (1987).
J. Hays, Desalination, 132, 161 (2000).
V. Roquebert, S. Booth, R.S. Cushing, G. Crozes and E. Hansen, Desali-nation, 131, 285 (2000).
F. Valero and R. Arbós, Desalination, 253, 170 (2010).
D. Heshka, Desalination, 88, 109 (1992).
M.A. Menkouchi Sahli, S. Annouar, M. Mountadar, A. Soufiane and A. Elmidaoui, Desalination, 227, 327 (2008).
American Water Works Association (AWWA), Electrodialysis and Electro-dialysis Reversal. Manual of Water Supply Practices - M38, First Edition, AWWA, Denver, Colorado (1995).
J.J. Schoeman, Water S.A., 35, 721 (2009).
C.-P. Huang, H.-W. Wang and P.C. Chiu, Water Res., 32, 2257 (1998).
Y.H. Huang and T.C. Zhang, Water Res., 38, 2631 (2004).
B. Mortazavi, B. Ramavandi and G.R. Mousavi, J. Health Environ., 3, 11 (2010).
X.D. Li, W. Elliott and X.W. Zhang, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci., 31, 111 (2006).
M.Z. Kassaee, E. Motamedi, A. Mikhak and R. Rahnemaie, Chem. Eng. J., 166, 490 (2011).
J. Flis, Mater. Sci. Monograph, 59, 57 (1991).
Y.H. Huang and T.C. Zhang, J. Environ. Eng., 128, 604 (2002).
C.M. Su and R.W. Puls, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2715 (2004).
B.A. Till, L.J. Weathers and P.J. Alvarez, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 634 (1998).
Z. Jiang, L. Lv, W. Zhang, Q. Du, B. Pan, L. Yang and Q. Zhang, Water Res., 45, 2191 (2011).
G.C. Yang and H.L. Lee, Water Res., 39, 884 (2005).
J.C. Fanning, Coord. Chem. Rev., 199, 159 (2000).
A.P. Murphy, Nature, 350, 223 (1991).
S. Ghafari, M. Hasan and M.K. Aroua, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 3965 (2008).
K.L. Cast and J.R.V. Flora, Water Res., 32, 63 (1998).
J. van Rijn, Y. Tal and H.J. Schreier, Aquacult. Eng., 34, 364 (2006).
Y. Zhao, C. Feng, Q. Wang, Y. Yang, Z. Zhang and N. Sugiura, J. Hazard. Mater., 192, 1033 (2011).
J.M. Galvez, M.A. Gomez, E. Hontoria and J. Gonzalez-Lopez, J. Hazard. Mater., 101, 219 (2003).
M.A. Gomez, J.M. Galvez, E. Hontoria and J. Gonzalez-Lopez, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95, 245 (2003).
Y.H. Kim, E.D. Hwang, W.S. Shin, J.H. Choi, T.W. Ha and S.J. Choi, Desalination, 202, 286 (2007).
Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH), Guidance Document: Nitrate Treatment Alternatives for Small Water Systems, DOH PUB. No. 331-309 (2005).
S. Biswas and P. Bose, J. Environ. Eng., 131, 1212 (2005).
T. Wajima, Y. Umeta, S. Narita and K. Sugawara, Desalination, 249, 323 (2009).
C. Namasivayam and D. Sangeetha, Indian J. Chem. Technol., 12, 513 (2005).
W.J. Huang and Y.L. Cheng, Sep. Sci. Technol., 59, 101 (2008).
Y. Xi, M. Mallavarapu and R. Naidu, Appl. Clay Sci., 48, 92 (2010).
A. Afkhami, T. Madrakian and Z. Karimi, J. Hazard. Mater., 144, 427 (2007).
A. Khani and M. Mirzaei, Comparative Study of Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Powder Activated Carbon and Carbon Nanotubes, Proceedings on the 2nd International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry, Russia, pp. 14-19 (2008).
A. Bhatnagar, M. Ji, Y.H. Choi, W. Jung, S.H. Lee, S.J. Kim, G. Lee, H. Suk, H.S. Kim, B. Min, S.H. Kim, B.H. Jeon and J.W. Kang, Sep. Sci. Technol., 43, 886 (2008).
K. Mizuta, T. Matsumoto, Y. Hatate, K. Nishihara and T. Nakanishi, Bioresour. Technol., 95, 255 (2004).
E. Naderi, K. Farhadi, H. Pirkharati and B. Dolati, Nitrate Removal in Aqueous Solution using Modified Leonardite, Proceedings of 31st Confer-ence on the Geology Science, December, Tehran, Iran (2012).
K.G. Bhattacharyya and S.S. Gupta, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 140, 114 (2008).
B.J. Allred, J.M. Bigham and G.O. Brown, Vadose Zone J., 6, 221 (2007).
C.J. Mena-Duran, M.R. Sun Kou, T. Lopez, J.A. Azamar-Barrios, D.H. Aguilar, M.I. Domínguez, J.A. Odriozola and P. Quintana, Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 5762 (2007).
A. Ozcan, M. Sahin and A.S. Ozcan, Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 23, 323 (2005).
M.S. Onyango, M. Masukume, A. Ochieng and F. Otieno, Water S.A., 36, 655 (2010).
J. Schick, P. Caullet, J.-L. Paillaud, J. Patarin and C. Mangold-Callarec, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 132, 395 (2010).
A. Mazeikiene, M. Valentukeviciene, M. Rimeika, A.B. Matuzevicius and R. Dauknys, J. Environ. Eng. Landscape Manage., 16, 38 (2008).
Z. Li and R.S. Bowman, Water Res., 35, 322 (2001).
M. Masukume, M.S. Onyango, O. Aoyi and F. Otieno, Nitrate Removal from Groundwater using Modified Natural Zeolite; Retrieve on August 26, 2013 from http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/144_97% 20 Masukume.pdf (2010).
Y. Wang, B. Gao, W. Yue and Q. Yue, J. Environ. Sci. (China), 19, 1305 (2007).
M.L. Hassan, N.F. Kassem and A.H. Abd El-Kader, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117, 2205 (2010).
P.C. Mishra and R.K. Patel, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 519 (2009).
H. Demiral and G. Gunduzoglu, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 1675 (2010).
M. Karimi, M.H. Entezari and M. Chamsaz, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 711 (2010).
Y. Cengeloglu, A. Tor, M. Ersoz and G. Arslan, Sep. Purif. Technol., 51, 374 (2006).
A. Bhatnagar and A. Sillanpaa, Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci., 152, 26 (2009).
S. Chatterjee and S.H. Woo, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 1012 (2009).
M. Islam and R. Patel, Desalination, 256, 120 (2010).
S. Tezuka, R. Chitrakar, A. Sonoda, K. Ooi and T. Tomida, Green Chem., 6, 104 (2004).
M. Islam and R. Patel, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 524 (2009).
K. Hosni and E. Srasra, Inorg. Mater., 44, 742 (2008).
A. Rezaee, H. Godini, S. Dehestani and A. Khavanin, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., 5, 125 (2008).
Y. Xie, S. Li, F. Wang and G. Liu, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 56 (2010).