Aqueous Plant Extracts Increase Nanocrystalline Fe3O4/g-Fe2O3 to a-Fe2O3 Transition Temperature: Insights into Traditional Calcination Process for Herbometallic Preparation

Balaji Krishnamachary; Brindha Pemiah; Sridharan Krishnaswamy; Uma Maheswari Krishnan; Swaminathan Sethuraman; K.S. Rajan

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16739

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 16 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 16

Issue Published : July 28, 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Aqueous Plant Extracts Increase Nanocrystalline Fe3O4/g-Fe2O3 to a-Fe2O3 Transition Temperature: Insights into Traditional Calcination Process for Herbometallic Preparation

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16739

Balaji Krishnamachary

School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India ; Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India

Brindha Pemiah

School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India ; Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India

Sridharan Krishnaswamy

School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India

Uma Maheswari Krishnan

School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India ; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India

Swaminathan Sethuraman

School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India ; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India

K.S. Rajan

School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India ; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401, India

Corresponding Author(s) : K.S. Rajan

ksrajan@chem.sastra.edu

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 16 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 16
Article Published : August 4, 2014

Abstract

A unique method of calcination for preparation of drugs from metallic and herbal ingredients has been in vogue in India since several centuries ago; however the same is not completely understood. Our experiments show that during the preparation of an iron-based herbometallic drug, transition from Fe₃O₄/g-Fe₂O₃ to a-Fe₂O₃ is delayed to higher temperatures due to addition of light metals from the aqueous extracts of Indian gooseberry, Belleric myrobalans and Chebulic myrobalans. The repeated calcination cycles increase the composition of essential elements like potassium, sodium and calcium, while increasing the crystallinity of Fe₃O₄/g-Fe₂O₃.

Keywords

Aqueous extract Transition temperature Nanocrystalline Calcinations γ-Fe2O3 α-Fe2O3

Krishnamachary, B., Pemiah, B., Krishnaswamy, S., Maheswari Krishnan, U., Sethuraman, S., & Rajan, K. (2014). Aqueous Plant Extracts Increase Nanocrystalline Fe3O4/g-Fe2O3 to a-Fe2O3 Transition Temperature: Insights into Traditional Calcination Process for Herbometallic Preparation. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(16), 5212–5216. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16739

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References

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References

Y. Jaluria, J. Heat Transfer, 125, 957 (2003); doi:10.1115/1.1621889.

B. Krishnamachary, N. Rajendran, B. Pemiah, S. Krishnaswamy, U.M. Krishnan, S. Sethuraman and R. K. Sekar, J. Ethnopharmacol., 142, 98 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.021.

B. Krishnamachary, B. Pemiah, S. Krishnaswamy, U.M. Krishnan, S. Sethuraman and R.K. Sekar, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 4, 644 (2012).

Anonymous, The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Government of India, New Delhi, p.141 (2003).

A. Sharma, R. Verma and P. Ramtek, World Appl. Sci. J., 7, 332 (2009).

A. Sharma, S. Chandraker, V.K. Patel and P. Ramteke, Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 71, 136 (2009); doi:10.4103/0250-474X.54279.

A.S. Saroya, Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology, CRC press, USA, p. 365 (2011).

R. Prasad, R.D. Lawania and R. Gupta, Pharmacogn. Rev., 3, 247 (2009).

N. Gargi and D. Bratati, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 3, 121 (2011).

K. Pinmai, S. Chunlaratthanabhorn, C. Ngamkitidechakul, N. Soonthornchareon and C. Hahnvajanawong, J. World Gastroentero., 14, 1491 (2008); doi:10.3748/wjg.14.1491.

L. Treadway, Herbal Gram, 31, 26 (1994).

D.A. Dhale and U.P. Mogle, Sci. Res. Reporter, 1, 138 (2011).

A. Bhattacharya, A. Chatterjee, S. Ghosal and S.K. Bhattacharya, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 37, 676 (1999).

K.P. Srivasuki, J. Pharm., 3, 147 (2012).

A. Kumar, A. Singh and J. Dora, Int. J. Pharm. Chem. Sci., 1, 11 (2012).

P.R. Patel and T.V. Ramana Rao, Res. J. Med. Plant, 6, 6 (2012); doi:10.3923/rjmp.2012.326.333.

M. Gupta, Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 1, 1 (2010).

K. Lu, D. Chakroborty, C. Sarkar, T. Lu, Z. Xie, Z. Liu and S. Basu, PLoS ONE, 7, 43934 (2012); doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043934.

L. Russell Jr., E. Mazzio, R.B. Badisa, Z.P. Zhu, M. Agharahimi, D.J. Millington and C.B. Goodman, Anticancer Res., 31, 3739 (2011).

Y. Shi, R.P. Sahu and S.K. Srivastava, BMC Cancer, 8, 294 (2008); doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-294.

B. Krishnamachary, A.K. Purushothaman, B. Pemiah, S. Krishnaswamy, U.M. Krishnan, S. Sethuraman and R.K. Sekar, J. Chem., Article ID 951951 (2013); doi:10.1155/2013/951951.

A. Corrias, G. Mountjoy, D. Loche, V. Puntes, A. Falqui, M. Zanella, W.J. Parak and M.F. Casula, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 18667 (2009); doi:10.1021/jp9047677.

G. Ennas, G. Marongiu, A. Musinu, A. Falqui, P. Ballirano and R. Caminiti, J. Mater. Res., 14, 1570 (1999); doi:10.1557/JMR.1999.0210.

T. Belin, N. Millot, N. Bovet and M. Gailhanou, J. Solid State Chem., 180, 2377 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2007.06.013.

G. Gnanaprakash, S. Ayyappan, T. Jayakumar, J. Philip and B. Raj, Nanotechnology, 17, 5851 (2006); doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/23/023.

J. Lai, K.V.P.M. Shafi, K. Loos, A. Ulman, Y. Lee, T. Vogt and C. Estournes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 11470 (2003); doi:10.1021/ja035409d.

K.S. Rajan, K. Dhasandhan, S.N. Srivastava and B. Pitchumani, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 51, 2801 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.09.042.

K.S. Rajan, B. Pitchumani, S.N. Srivastava and B. Mohanty, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50, 967 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.08.009.

K.S. Rajan, S.N. Srivastava, B. Pitchumani and B. Mohanty, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 33, 1234 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2006.06.011.

K.S. Rajan, S.N. Srivastava, B. Pitchumani and B. Mohanty, Appl. Therm. Eng., 27, 1345 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.10.026.

D. Stamopoulos, V. Gogola, E. Manios, E. Gourni, D. Benaki, D. Niarchos and M. Pissas, Curr. Nanosci., 5, 177 (2009); doi:10.2174/157341309788185424.

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 16 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 16

Aqueous Plant Extracts Increase Nanocrystalline Fe3O4/g-Fe2O3 to a-Fe2O3 Transition Temperature: Insights into Traditional Calcination Process for Herbometallic Preparation

Corresponding Author(s) : K.S. Rajan

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