Copyright (c) 2014 AJC
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Studies on Scale-up of Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles
Corresponding Author(s) : K.S. Rajan
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 14 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 14
Abstract
Synthesis of spherical ZnO nanoparticles by room temperature chemical precipitation method was scaled up from a batch volume of 200 mL to batch volume of 500 mL, 1 L, 2 L and 5 L. Electron microscopy results reveal spherical morphology of the particles with sizes in the range of 20-40 nm at all batch volumes (scales). X-ray diffraction studies showed that the ZnO nanopowders synthesized at all batch volumes had hexagonal Wurtzite structure with a similar crystallite size. The yield of ZnO nanoparticles increased linearly with batch volume. The scale up results in increased yield at lower time consumption.
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- C.N.R. Rao, A. Muller and A.K. Cheetham, The Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004).
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References
C.N.R. Rao, A. Muller and A.K. Cheetham, The Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2004).
K. Rohini Priya, K.S. Suganthi and K.S. Rajan, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55, 4734 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.04.035.
D. Anandan and K.S. Rajan, Asian J. Sci. Res., 5, 218 (2012); doi:10.3923/ajsr.2012.218.227.
K. Chen and D. Xue, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 4, 1 (2012); doi:10.1166/nnl.2012.1282.
V. Aishwarya, K.S. Suganthi and K.S. Rajan, J. Nanopart. Res., 15, 1774 (2013); doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1774-3.
D. Sivalingam, J.B. Gopalakrishnan, U.M. Krishnan, S. Madanagurusamy and J.B.B. Rayappan, Physica E, 43, 1804 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.physe.2011.06.015.
G.K. Mani and J.B.B. Rayappan, Sens. Actuators B, 183, 459 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.snb.2013.03.132.
D. Sivalingam, J.B. Gopalakrishnan and J.B.B. Rayappan, Sens. Actuators B, 166-167, 624 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.snb.2012.03.023.
M. Przybyszewska and M. Zaborski, Express Polym. Lett., 3, 542 (2009); doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.68.
A.B. Kashyout, M. Soliman, M. El Gamal and M. Fathy, Mater. Chem. Phys., 90, 230 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.11.031.
K.K. Makhija, A. Ray, R.M. Patel, U.B. Trivedi and H.N. Kapse, Bull. Mater. Sci., 28, 9 (2005); doi:10.1007/BF02711165.
A. Farouk, S. Moussa, M. Ulbricht and T. Textor, Int. J. Carbohydr. Chem., 2012, 1 (2012); doi:10.1155/2012/693629.
T.K. Tan, P.S. Khiew, W.S. Chiu, S. Radiman, R. Abd-Shukor, N.M. Huang and H.N. Lim, World Academy Sci. Eng. Technol., 55, 791 (2011).
Q. Zhang, C.S. Dandeneau, X. Zhou and G. Cao, Adv. Mater., 21, 4087 (2009); doi:10.1002/adma.200803827.
M.R. Arefi and S. Rezaei-Zarchi, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 4340 (2012); doi:10.3390/ijms13044340.
P.J.P. Espitia, N.F.F. Soares, J.S.R. Coimbra, N.J. Andrade, R.S. Cruz and E.A.A. Medeiros, Food Bioprocess Technol., 5, 1447 (2012); doi:10.1007/s11947-012-0797-6.
B. Ramezanzadeh and M.M. Attar, Mater. Chem. Phys., 130, 1208 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.08.065.
H. Meruvu, M. Vangalapati, S.C. Chippada and S.R. Bammidi, Rasayan J. Chem., 4, 217 (2011).
C.C. Chen, P. Liu and C. Lu, Chem. Eng. J., 144, 509 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.047.
A.B. Moghaddam, T. Nazari, J. Badraghi and M. Kazemzad, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 4, 247 (2009).
F. Tamaddon, F. Aboee and A. Nasiri, Catal. Commun., 16, 194 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2011.09.023.
M. Nirmala, M.G. Nair, K. Rekha, A. Anukaliani, S.K. Samdarshi and G. Ranjith Nair, Afr. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 2, 161 (2010).
L. Taccola, V. Raffa, C. Riggio, O. Vittorio, M.C. Iorio, R. Vanacore, A. Pietrabissa and A. Cuschieri, Int. J. Nanomed., 1129 (2011); doi:10.2147/IJN.S16581.
J. Eriksson, V. Khranovskyy, F. Soderlind, P.O. Käll, R. Yakimova and A.L. Spetz, Sens. Actuators B, 137, 94 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.snb.2008.10.072.
Y. Wang, X. Li, N. Wang, X. Quan and Y. Chen, Sep. Purif. Technol., 62, 727 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2008.03.035.
A.P. Ranjan, A. Mukerjee, L. Helson and J.K. Vishwanatha, J. Nanobiotechnology, 10, 38 (2012); doi:10.1186/1477-3155-10-38.
M. Vaghayenegar, A. Kermanpur, M.H. Abbasi and H. Ghasemi Yazdabadi, Adv. Powder Technol., 21, 556 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.apt.2010.02.009.
X. Ren, D. Han, D. Chen and F. Tang, Mater. Res. Bull., 42, 807 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.08.030.
K.S. Suganthi and K.S. Rajan, Asian J. Sci. Res., 5, 207 (2012); doi:10.3923/ajsr.2012.207.217.
K.S. Suganthi and K.S. Rajan, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55, 7969 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.08.032.
K.S. Suganthi, M. Parthasarathy and K.S. Rajan, Chem. Phys. Lett., 561–562, 120 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2013.01.044.
K.S. Rajan, K. Dhasandhan, S.N. Srivastava and B. Pitchumani, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 51, 2801 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.09.042.
K.S. Rajan, B. Pitchumani, S.N. Srivastava and B. Mohanty, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50, 967 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.08.009.
K.S. Rajan, S.N. Srivastava, B. Pitchumani and B. Mohanty, Appl. Therm. Eng., 27, 1345 (2007); doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.10.026.
K.S. Rajan, S.N. Srivastava, B. Pitchumani and K. Dhasandhan, Appl. Therm. Eng., 28, 1932 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.12.004.
K.S. Rajan, S.N. Srivastava, B. Pitchumani and B. Mohanty, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 33, 1234 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2006.06.011.
A. Jain, B. Mohanty, B. Pitchumani and K.S. Rajan, J. Heat Transfer, 128, 761 (2006); doi:10.1115/1.2217748.
K.S. Rajan, S.N. Srivastava, B. Pitchumani and V. Surendiran, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 49, 182 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.07.001.