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Toxic and Essential Elements in Different Types of Compost Samples
Corresponding Author(s) : Yu-Ping Wu
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 10 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 10
Abstract
The aim of this study is the evaluation of toxic and essential elements levels in compost of main farming areas in Yunnan, China. The determination of the nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide soluble contents of 18 micro- and macro-elements (As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg, Co, Mo, Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, B, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe) in composts was developed by the microwave digestion technique combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission or mass spectrometry. This investigated was focused on different types of compost. All of the results were compared with standards and guidelines for marketable composts. Mean characteristics of composts proved to be in good agreement with the specification of the GB quality assurance for compost except a small portion of arsenic content and cadmium in samples could be above the GB specifications, as well as one sample of chromium and mercury content which may cause serious environmental impacts. The experimental study was conducted using three GB standard reference materials. Additional validation data are provided bases on the analysis of 9 different types of samples by the proposed method and using comparative methods of official GB methods. The calculated accuracy and precision confirmed the good performance of the adopted procedures.
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- M.M. Delgado Arroyo, M.Á. Porcel Cots, R. Miralles de Imperial Hornedo, E.M. Beltrán Rodríguez, L. Beringola Beringola and J.V. Martín Sánchez, Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient., 18, 147 (2002).
- A.M. Taiwo, J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 4, 93 (2011); doi:10.3923/jest.2011.93.102.
- D.C. Weindorf, J.P. Muir and C. Landeros-Sánchez, Organic Compost and Manufactured Fertilizers: Economics and Ecology. In W.B. Campbell and S.L. Ortiz (Eds.) Issues in Agroecology-Present Status and Future Prospectus: Integrating Agriculture, Conservation and Ecotourism - Examples from the Field, Springer Press, New York, pp. 322 (2011).
- K. Nemati, N.K. Abu Bakar, M.R.B. Abas, E. Sobhanzadeh and K.H. Low, J. Hazard. Mater., 182, 453 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.053.
- W. Li, P. Simmons, D. Shrader, T.J. Herrman and S.Y. Dai, Talanta, 112, 43 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.029.
- P.C. Nagajyoti, K.D. Lee and T.V.M. Sreekanth, Environ. Chem. Lett., 8, 199 (2010); doi:10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8.
- M.L. Alonso Castillo, E. Vereda Alonso, M.T. Siles Cordero, J.M. Cano Pavón and A. García de Torres, Microchem. J., 98, 234 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.microc.2011.02.004.
- C. Dordas, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 28, 33 (2008); doi:10.1051/agro:2007051.
- General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China, GB/T 23349-2009, Ecological Index of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Mercury for Fertilizers (2009) (in Chinese).
- Ministry of Agriculture of China, NY/T 305-1995, Determination of Organic Fertilizers (1995) (in Chinese).
- Ministry of Agriculture of China, NY 525-2011 Organic Fertilizer (2011) (in Chinese).
- C.H. Fuchsman, Peat, Industrial Chemistry and Technology, Academic Press, Inc., New York (1980).
- S. Mal, G.N. Chattopadhyay and K. Chakrabarti, Compost Quality Assessment for Successful Organic Waste Recycling, National Seminar on Ecology, Environment & Development, vol. 3, pp. 199-203 (2013).
- J.A. Alburquerque, J. Gonzálvez, G. Tortosa, G.A. Baddi and J. Cegarra, Biodegradation, 20, 257 (2009); doi:10.1007/s10532-008-9218-y.
- RAL-Gütezeichen Kompost, Gütesicherung RAL-GZ 251, RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V., Bonn (1992).
- BSI, PAS 110:2010 Specification for Whole Digestate, Separated Liquor and Separated Fibre Derived from the Anaerobic Digestion of Source-segregated Biodegradable Materials (2010).
- Inspektoratkommision des Gründgutbranche, Scweizerisch Qualitätsrichtlinie des Branche für Kompost und Gärgut, p. 40 (2010).
- AFNOR, NF U 44-051 Amendements Organiques-Dénominations, Spécifications et Marquage, p. 14 (2006).
- CCME, PN 1340 Guidelines for Compost Quality (2005).
- European Compost Network, European Quality Assurance for Compost is Launched, in ECN Info paper, p. 6 (2010).
References
M.M. Delgado Arroyo, M.Á. Porcel Cots, R. Miralles de Imperial Hornedo, E.M. Beltrán Rodríguez, L. Beringola Beringola and J.V. Martín Sánchez, Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient., 18, 147 (2002).
A.M. Taiwo, J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 4, 93 (2011); doi:10.3923/jest.2011.93.102.
D.C. Weindorf, J.P. Muir and C. Landeros-Sánchez, Organic Compost and Manufactured Fertilizers: Economics and Ecology. In W.B. Campbell and S.L. Ortiz (Eds.) Issues in Agroecology-Present Status and Future Prospectus: Integrating Agriculture, Conservation and Ecotourism - Examples from the Field, Springer Press, New York, pp. 322 (2011).
K. Nemati, N.K. Abu Bakar, M.R.B. Abas, E. Sobhanzadeh and K.H. Low, J. Hazard. Mater., 182, 453 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.053.
W. Li, P. Simmons, D. Shrader, T.J. Herrman and S.Y. Dai, Talanta, 112, 43 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.029.
P.C. Nagajyoti, K.D. Lee and T.V.M. Sreekanth, Environ. Chem. Lett., 8, 199 (2010); doi:10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8.
M.L. Alonso Castillo, E. Vereda Alonso, M.T. Siles Cordero, J.M. Cano Pavón and A. García de Torres, Microchem. J., 98, 234 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.microc.2011.02.004.
C. Dordas, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 28, 33 (2008); doi:10.1051/agro:2007051.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China, GB/T 23349-2009, Ecological Index of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Mercury for Fertilizers (2009) (in Chinese).
Ministry of Agriculture of China, NY/T 305-1995, Determination of Organic Fertilizers (1995) (in Chinese).
Ministry of Agriculture of China, NY 525-2011 Organic Fertilizer (2011) (in Chinese).
C.H. Fuchsman, Peat, Industrial Chemistry and Technology, Academic Press, Inc., New York (1980).
S. Mal, G.N. Chattopadhyay and K. Chakrabarti, Compost Quality Assessment for Successful Organic Waste Recycling, National Seminar on Ecology, Environment & Development, vol. 3, pp. 199-203 (2013).
J.A. Alburquerque, J. Gonzálvez, G. Tortosa, G.A. Baddi and J. Cegarra, Biodegradation, 20, 257 (2009); doi:10.1007/s10532-008-9218-y.
RAL-Gütezeichen Kompost, Gütesicherung RAL-GZ 251, RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V., Bonn (1992).
BSI, PAS 110:2010 Specification for Whole Digestate, Separated Liquor and Separated Fibre Derived from the Anaerobic Digestion of Source-segregated Biodegradable Materials (2010).
Inspektoratkommision des Gründgutbranche, Scweizerisch Qualitätsrichtlinie des Branche für Kompost und Gärgut, p. 40 (2010).
AFNOR, NF U 44-051 Amendements Organiques-Dénominations, Spécifications et Marquage, p. 14 (2006).
CCME, PN 1340 Guidelines for Compost Quality (2005).
European Compost Network, European Quality Assurance for Compost is Launched, in ECN Info paper, p. 6 (2010).