Copyright (c) 2022 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B using Aqueous Free-Base Porphyrin and Metalloporphyrins of Mn, Fe and Sn
Corresponding Author(s) : S.D. Gokakakar
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 34 No. 4 (2022): Vol 34 Issue 4, 2022
Abstract
The aqueous-porphyrins used in clinical studies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are exploited as the photocatalysts for the first time in the photodegradation of rhodamine B in the acetone medium. The porphyrins such as free-base porphyrin TPPS4 and MnTPPS4Cl, FeTPPS4Cl, a dimer (FeTPPS4)2-O and SnTPPS4Cl2 were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet-visible, infrared, 1H NMR, fluorescence spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The band-gap energies of the respective porphyrins were determined using DRS spectroscopy. They have shown 100% degradation of the dye within 25-40 min, which was confirmed by HPLC and ion-chromatography. This has revealed that semiconductor aqueous-porphyrins may be a good choice as photocatalysts in the photodegradation of rhodamine B dye.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- M.R. Islam and M. G. Mostafa, J. Environ. Sci. Nat. Resour., 11, 131 (2018).
- B. Lellis, C.Z. Fávaro-Polonio, J.A. Pamphile and J.C. Polonio, Biotechnol. Res. Innov., 3, 275 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001
- S.B. Jadhav, A.S. Chougule, D.P. Shah, C.S. Pereira and J.P. Jadhav, Clean Technol. Environ., 17, 709 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0827-3
- S. Gita, A. Hussan and T.G. Choudhury, Environ. Ecol., 35, 2349 (2017).
- J. Park and J. Shore, J. Soc. Dyers Colour., 100, 383 (1984); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1984.tb00956.x
- H.S. Rai, M.S. Bhattacharyya, J. Singh, T. Bansal, P. Vats and U.J.C. Banerjee, Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 219 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380590917932
- I. Arslan and I.A. Balcioglu, Dyes Pigments, 43, 95 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(99)00048-0
- M. Sleiman, D. Vildozo, C. Ferronato and J.-M. Chovelon, Appl. Catal. B, 77, 1 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.06.015
- S. Chakrabarti and B.K. Dutta, J. Hazard. Mater., 112, 269 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.05.013
- J. Sun, X. Wang, J. Sun, R. Sun, S. Sun and L. Qiao, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 260, 241 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.07.033
- S. Sharma, J. Buddhdev, M. Patel and J.P. Ruparelia, Procedia Eng., 51, 451 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.063
- J. Ryu and W. Choi, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 294 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/es071470x
- N. Patel, R. Jaiswal, T. Warang, G. Scarduelli, A. Dashora, B.L. Ahuja, D.C. Kothari and A. Miotello, Appl. Catal. B, 150-151, 74 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.11.033
- H. Klumper-Westkamp, S. Beling, A. Mehner, F. Hoffmann and P. Mayr, Metal Sci. Heat Treat., 46, 305 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MSAT.0000048839.78726.f6
- M.K. Nazeeruddin, P. Péchy, T. Renouard, S.M. Zakeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Comte, P. Liska, L. Cevey, E. Costa, V. Shklover, L. Spiccia, G.B. Deacon, C.A. Bignozzi and M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 1613 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003299u
- J.A. Ortega Méndez, C.R. López, E. Pulido Melián, O. González Díaz, J.M. Doña Rodríguez, D. Fernández Hevia and M. Macías, Appl. Catal., 147, 439 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.09.029
- H.S. Kil, Y.J. Jung, J.I. Moon, J.-H. Song, D.-Y. Lim and S.-B. Cho, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 15, 6193 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.10430
- V. Caratto, L. Setti, S. Campodonico, M.M. Carnasciali, R. Botter and M. Ferretti, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 63, 16 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2756-0
- M. Grandcolas, L. Yonge, O.V. Overschelde and R. Synders, Ceram. Int., 40, 12939 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.154
- E. Blanco, J.M. González-Leal and M. Ramírez-del Solar, Sol. Energy, 122, 11 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.07.048
- D. Nunes, A. Pimentel, J.V. Pinto, T.R. Calmeiro, S. Nandy, P. Barquinha, L. Pereira, P.A. Carvalho, E. Fortunato and R. Martins, Catal. Today, 278, 262 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.10.038
- X.B. Chen and S.S. Mao, Chem. Rev., 107, 2891 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535
- M.A. Rauf, M.A. Meetani and S. Hisaindee, Desalination, 276, 13 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071
- K. Nagaveni, M.S. Hegde and G. Madras, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 20204 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1021/jp047917v
- Y.C. Nah, I. Paramasivam and P. Schmuki, ChemPhysChem, 11, 2698 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201000276
- B.F. Gao, T.M. Lim, D.P. Subagio and T.T. Lim, Appl. Catal. A, 375, 107 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.12.025
- T.D. Pham and B.K. Lee, Appl. Catal., A, 529, 40 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.10.019
- O.A. Golubchikov and B.D. Berezin, Russ. Chem. Rev., 55, 768 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1070/RC1986v055n08ABEH003221
- B. Meunier, Chem. Rev., 92, 1411 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00014a008
- V.V. Borovkov, R.P. Evstigneeva, L.N. Strekova and E.I. Filippovich, Russ. Chem. Rev., 58, 602 (1989); https://doi.org/10.1070/RC1989v058n06ABEH003463
- M. Jurow, A.E. Schuckman, J.D. Batteas and C.M. Drain, Coord. Chem. Rev., 254, 2297 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.05.014
- C. Crestini, R. Saladino, P. Tagliatesta and T. Boschi, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 7, 1897 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00105-4
- A.V. Salker and S.D. Gokakakar, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 4, 377 (2009)
- T.S. Srivastava and M. Tsutsui, J. Org. Chem., 38, 2103 (1973); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00951a036
- E.B. Fleischer, J.M. Palmer, T.S. Srivastava and A. Chatterjee, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 93, 3162 (1971); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00742a012
- W.D. Horrocks Jr. and E.G. Hove, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 4386 (1978); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00482a012
- F.R. Hopf and D.G. Whitten, Eds.: K.M. Smith, Porphyrins and Metallo-porphyrins, Chap. 16, Elsevier, Amsterdam pp. 667 (1975).
- D. Eastwood and M. Gouterman, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 35, 359 (1970); https://doi.org/10.1016/0022 2852(70)90179-7
- P. Pizarro, C. Guillard, N. Perol and J.-M. Herrmann, Catal. Today, 101, 211 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.008
- H. Yates, M. Nolan, D. Sheel and M. Pemble, J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem., 179, 213 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.08.018
- M. Ni, M.K. Leung, D.Y. Leung and K. Sumathy, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 11, 401 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.01.009
References
M.R. Islam and M. G. Mostafa, J. Environ. Sci. Nat. Resour., 11, 131 (2018).
B. Lellis, C.Z. Fávaro-Polonio, J.A. Pamphile and J.C. Polonio, Biotechnol. Res. Innov., 3, 275 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001
S.B. Jadhav, A.S. Chougule, D.P. Shah, C.S. Pereira and J.P. Jadhav, Clean Technol. Environ., 17, 709 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0827-3
S. Gita, A. Hussan and T.G. Choudhury, Environ. Ecol., 35, 2349 (2017).
J. Park and J. Shore, J. Soc. Dyers Colour., 100, 383 (1984); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1984.tb00956.x
H.S. Rai, M.S. Bhattacharyya, J. Singh, T. Bansal, P. Vats and U.J.C. Banerjee, Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 219 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380590917932
I. Arslan and I.A. Balcioglu, Dyes Pigments, 43, 95 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(99)00048-0
M. Sleiman, D. Vildozo, C. Ferronato and J.-M. Chovelon, Appl. Catal. B, 77, 1 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.06.015
S. Chakrabarti and B.K. Dutta, J. Hazard. Mater., 112, 269 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.05.013
J. Sun, X. Wang, J. Sun, R. Sun, S. Sun and L. Qiao, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 260, 241 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.07.033
S. Sharma, J. Buddhdev, M. Patel and J.P. Ruparelia, Procedia Eng., 51, 451 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.063
J. Ryu and W. Choi, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 294 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/es071470x
N. Patel, R. Jaiswal, T. Warang, G. Scarduelli, A. Dashora, B.L. Ahuja, D.C. Kothari and A. Miotello, Appl. Catal. B, 150-151, 74 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.11.033
H. Klumper-Westkamp, S. Beling, A. Mehner, F. Hoffmann and P. Mayr, Metal Sci. Heat Treat., 46, 305 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MSAT.0000048839.78726.f6
M.K. Nazeeruddin, P. Péchy, T. Renouard, S.M. Zakeeruddin, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Comte, P. Liska, L. Cevey, E. Costa, V. Shklover, L. Spiccia, G.B. Deacon, C.A. Bignozzi and M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 1613 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003299u
J.A. Ortega Méndez, C.R. López, E. Pulido Melián, O. González Díaz, J.M. Doña Rodríguez, D. Fernández Hevia and M. Macías, Appl. Catal., 147, 439 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.09.029
H.S. Kil, Y.J. Jung, J.I. Moon, J.-H. Song, D.-Y. Lim and S.-B. Cho, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 15, 6193 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.10430
V. Caratto, L. Setti, S. Campodonico, M.M. Carnasciali, R. Botter and M. Ferretti, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 63, 16 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2756-0
M. Grandcolas, L. Yonge, O.V. Overschelde and R. Synders, Ceram. Int., 40, 12939 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.154
E. Blanco, J.M. González-Leal and M. Ramírez-del Solar, Sol. Energy, 122, 11 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.07.048
D. Nunes, A. Pimentel, J.V. Pinto, T.R. Calmeiro, S. Nandy, P. Barquinha, L. Pereira, P.A. Carvalho, E. Fortunato and R. Martins, Catal. Today, 278, 262 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.10.038
X.B. Chen and S.S. Mao, Chem. Rev., 107, 2891 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535
M.A. Rauf, M.A. Meetani and S. Hisaindee, Desalination, 276, 13 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.071
K. Nagaveni, M.S. Hegde and G. Madras, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 20204 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1021/jp047917v
Y.C. Nah, I. Paramasivam and P. Schmuki, ChemPhysChem, 11, 2698 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201000276
B.F. Gao, T.M. Lim, D.P. Subagio and T.T. Lim, Appl. Catal. A, 375, 107 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.12.025
T.D. Pham and B.K. Lee, Appl. Catal., A, 529, 40 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.10.019
O.A. Golubchikov and B.D. Berezin, Russ. Chem. Rev., 55, 768 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1070/RC1986v055n08ABEH003221
B. Meunier, Chem. Rev., 92, 1411 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00014a008
V.V. Borovkov, R.P. Evstigneeva, L.N. Strekova and E.I. Filippovich, Russ. Chem. Rev., 58, 602 (1989); https://doi.org/10.1070/RC1989v058n06ABEH003463
M. Jurow, A.E. Schuckman, J.D. Batteas and C.M. Drain, Coord. Chem. Rev., 254, 2297 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.05.014
C. Crestini, R. Saladino, P. Tagliatesta and T. Boschi, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 7, 1897 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00105-4
A.V. Salker and S.D. Gokakakar, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 4, 377 (2009)
T.S. Srivastava and M. Tsutsui, J. Org. Chem., 38, 2103 (1973); https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00951a036
E.B. Fleischer, J.M. Palmer, T.S. Srivastava and A. Chatterjee, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 93, 3162 (1971); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00742a012
W.D. Horrocks Jr. and E.G. Hove, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 4386 (1978); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00482a012
F.R. Hopf and D.G. Whitten, Eds.: K.M. Smith, Porphyrins and Metallo-porphyrins, Chap. 16, Elsevier, Amsterdam pp. 667 (1975).
D. Eastwood and M. Gouterman, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 35, 359 (1970); https://doi.org/10.1016/0022 2852(70)90179-7
P. Pizarro, C. Guillard, N. Perol and J.-M. Herrmann, Catal. Today, 101, 211 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.008
H. Yates, M. Nolan, D. Sheel and M. Pemble, J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem., 179, 213 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.08.018
M. Ni, M.K. Leung, D.Y. Leung and K. Sumathy, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 11, 401 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.01.009