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Synergetic Effects of Temperature and Perpendicular Magnetic Field on Zn-Ni Alloy Electrodepositing Process
Corresponding Author(s) : N. Benachour
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 33 No. 11 (2021): Vol 33 Issue 11, 2021
Abstract
The zinc-nickel alloys were electrodeposited on stainless steel substrates during a chloride acid bath. The electroplating processes were investigated under a moderate perpendicular magnetic flux at uncommon temperatures. The coatings obtained were characterized by scanning microscopy (SEM) including EDX and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Chronopotentiometric curves were additionally implemented for electrochemical analysis. Structural analysis revealed that the obtained alloys consisted of a mix of the homogeneous phase γ-Ni3Zn22 and α-Zn-Ni at 70 ºC. The alloys variations observed within the chemical composition, crystallographic phases and morphology of the alloys. It is often explained particularly, by the progressive hydrogen reaction and therefore the evolution of the adsorbed intermediate species. The synergetic effect was significant at 70 ºC within the 1T field, including the appearance of normal co-deposition.
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References
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H.Y. Lee and S.G. Kim, Surf. Coat. Technol., 135, 69 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00731-3
S.N. Srimathi and S.M. Mayanna, Metal Finishing, 11, 35 (1985).
L.C. Li, Y. Zhang, S. Deng and Y. Chen, Mater. Lett., 57, 3444 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00097-1
F.J.F. Miranda, O.E. Barcia, O.R. Mattos and R. Wiart, J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 3449 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1838031
X. Qiao, H. Li, W. Zhao and D. Li, Electrochim. Acta, 89, 771 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.006
A. Levesque, S. Chouchane, J. Douglade, R. Rehamnia and J.-P. Chopart, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 8048 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.05.012
V.R. Rao, K.V. Bangera and A.C. Hegde, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 345, 48 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.06.014
S. Chouchane, Ph.D. Thesis, Electroplating of Zn-Ni Alloys: Effects of a Magnetic Field on their Compositions and Properties, University of Reims URCA (2008).
S. Chouchane, A. Levesque, J. Douglade, R. Rehamnia and J.-P. Chopart, Surf. Coat. Technol., 201, 6212 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.11.015
J.A. Koza, M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert and L. Schultz, Electrochim. Acta, 53, 5344 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.082
O. Devos, A. Olivier, J.P. Chopart, O. Aaboubi and G. Maurin, J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 401 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1838276
K. Msellak, Ph.D. Thesis, Metal Electroplating under MHD control: Physical and Electrochemical Characterization, University of Reims, URCA (2003).
L. Rabah, Ph.D. Thesis, Convection by Magnetic Susceptibility Gradient: Effects on the Electrodeposition of Copper and Cobalt-Iron Alloy, University of Reims URCA (2007).
H. Matsushima, A. Ispas, A. Bund and B. Bozzini, J. Electroanal. Chem., 615, 191 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.12.010
C. Iwakura, T. Edamoto and H. Tamura, Denki Kagaku, 52, 596 (1984); https://doi.org/10.5796/kogyobutsurikagaku.52.596
C. Iwakura, T. Edamoto, H. Tamura, Denki Kagaku, 52, 654 (1984); https://doi.org/10.5796/kogyobutsurikagaku.52.654
O. Aaboubi, A. Hadjaj and A.-Y. Ali Omar, Electrochim. Acta, 184, 276 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.054
G. Roventi, R. Fratesi, R.A.D. Guardia and G. Barucca, J. Appl. Electrochem., 30, 173 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003820423207
E. Chassaing and R. Wiart, Electrochim. Acta, 37, 545 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)87047-4
Z.A. Mahmud, F. Amelotti, C. Serpi, J, Maskaric, M. Mirabal, N. Mingolo, L. Gassa, P. Tulio and G. Gordillo, Proced. Mater. Sci., 9, 377 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2015.05.007
S.-P. Gou and I.-W. Sun, Electrochim. Acta, 53, 2538 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.039
R. Fratesi and G. Roventi, J. Appl. Electrochem., 22, 657 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01092615
S. Chouchane, A. Levesque, P. Zabinski, R. Rehamnia and J.-P. Chopart, J. Alloys Compd., 506, 575 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.07.099
A.M. Alfantazi, G. Brehaut and U. Erb, Surf. Coat. Technol., 89, 239 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(96)02894-0
I. Epelboin, M. Jousselin and R. Wiart, J. Electroanal. Chem., 119, 61 (1981).
H.Y. Yang, X.W. Guo, X.B. Chen, S.H. Wang, G.H. Wu, W.J. Ding and N. Birbilis, Electrochim. Acta, 63, 131 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.070
M. Kwon, D. Jo, S.H. Cho, H.T. Kim, J.-T. Park and J.M. Park, Surf. Coat. Technol., 288, 163 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.01.027
S.S.A. El Rehim, E.E. Fouad, S.M.A. El Wahab and H.H. Hassan, Electrochim. Acta, 41, 1413 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(95)00327-4
N. Eliaz, K. Venkatakrishna and A.C. Hegde, Surf. Coat. Technol., 205, 1969 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.077
G. Roventi, R. Cecchini, A. Fabrizi and T. Bellezze, Surf. Coat. Technol., 276, 1 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.06.043
F. Elkhatabi, M. Benballa, M. Sarret and C. Müller, Electrochim. Acta, 44, 1645 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00286-2
Z. Feng, Q. Li, J. Zhang, P. Yang, H. Song and M. An, Surf. Coat. Technol., 270, 47 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.03.020