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Silane Effects on in-Rubber Silica Dispersion and Silica Structure (aF) - A Review
Corresponding Author(s) : Kwang-Jea Kim
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 9 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 9
Abstract
The degree of silica dispersion in a rubber matrix is an important issue in the rubber industry because silica agglomerates in rubber compounds are difficult to disperse compared to carbon black due to the polar characteristics of the silica surface. Considerable effort has been made to improve the degree of silica dispersion, such as the use of bifunctional organosilane, intermesh rotor type mixer, milling technique, etc. Wolff and his coworkers introduced the in-rubber filler structure (aF) for quantitative measurements of the filler structure. This paper reviews his research on the in-rubber structure of carbon black and silica and reports our recent results on silane-treated silica.
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- S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gimmi. Kunstst., 22, 367 (1969).
- S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gimmi. Kunstst., 23, 7 (1970).
- S. Wolff, Rubber Chem. Technol., 69, 325 (1996).
- S. Wolff and M.J. Wang, Rubber Chem. Technol., 65, 329 (1992).
- E.H. Tan, S. Wolff, M. Haddeman, H.P. Grewatta and M.J. Wang, Rubber Chem. Technol., 66, 594 (1993).
- A.R. Payne and R.E. Whittaker, Rubber Chem. Technol., 44, 440 (1971).
- A.R. Payne, Rubber Plast. Age, 42, 963 (1961).
- R. Rauline, EUR Patent EP0501227 (1992).
- R. Rauline, U.S. Patent US5227425 (1993).
- M.P. Wagner, Rubber Chem. Technol., 49, 703 (1976).
- R.K. Gupta, E. Kennal and K.J. Kim, Polymer Nanocomposites Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009).
- K.J. Kim and J.L. White, Thermoplastic and Rubber Compounds, Hanser, Münch (2008).
- A.I. Isayev, C.K. Hong and K.J. Kim, Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 923 (2003).
- K.J. Kim and J.L. White, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6, 372 (2000).
- S.M. Kim, H.W. Cho, J.W. Kim and K.J. Kim, Elast. Compos., 45, 223 (2010).
- K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, Compos. Interf., 11, 471 (2004).
- K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, Rubber Chem. Technol., 78, 84 (2005).
- K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 95, 623 (2005).
- S.M. Kim, C.S. Nam and K.J. Kim, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22, 144 (2011).
- C.Y. Choi, S.M. Kim, Y.H. Park, M.K. Jang, J.W. Nah and K.J. Kim, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22, 411 (2011).
- K.J. Kim, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, 2937 (2012).
- D.T.T. Nga, J.K. Kim and K.J. Kim, Int. Polym. Process., 26, 368 (2011).
- D.T.T. Nga, S. Lee, J.K. Kim and K.J. Kim,Compos. Interf., 18, 151 (2011).
- D.T.T. Nga, J.K. Kim and K.J. Kim, J. Vinyl Additive Technol., 16, 254 (2010).
- K.J. Kim and J.L. White, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7, 50 (2001).
- K.J. Kim and J.L. White, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6, 262 (2000).
- K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8, 334 (2002).
- K.J. Kim and J.L. White, Compos. Interf., 9, 541 (2002).
- K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 55, 518 (2002).
- C. Lin and W.L. Hergenorother, A.S. Hilton, Rubber Chem. Technol., 75, 215 (2002).
- S.M. Kim, C.Y. Choi, M.K. Jang, J.W. Nah and K.J. Kim, Elast. Compos., 47, 18 (2012).
- S.M. Kim, M.K. Jang, C.Y. Choi, J.W. Nah and K.J. Kim, Elast. Compos., 47, 23 (2012).
- S. Wolff, K. Burmester and E.H. Tan, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 29, 691 (1976).
- A. Wesrlinning and S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 19, 470 (1966).
- S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 22, 367 (1969).
- S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 23, 7 (1970).
- S. Wolff, H. Pöhnisch and P. Hoffmann, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 28, 379 (1975).
- S. Wolff, Colloq. Int. CNRS, Bischenberg Obernai, no. 231 (1973).
- S. Wolff and E.H. Tan, Rubber Division, American Chemical Society, New York, no. 66 (1986).
- M.J. Wang, S. Wolff and E.H. Tan, Rubber Division, American Chemical Society, Louisville, Kentucky, no. 60 (1992).
- E.H. Tan, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Haute Alsace, France (1992).
- M.J. Wang, S. Wolff and J.B. Donnet, Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 559 (1991).
- S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 27, 511 (1974).
References
S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gimmi. Kunstst., 22, 367 (1969).
S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gimmi. Kunstst., 23, 7 (1970).
S. Wolff, Rubber Chem. Technol., 69, 325 (1996).
S. Wolff and M.J. Wang, Rubber Chem. Technol., 65, 329 (1992).
E.H. Tan, S. Wolff, M. Haddeman, H.P. Grewatta and M.J. Wang, Rubber Chem. Technol., 66, 594 (1993).
A.R. Payne and R.E. Whittaker, Rubber Chem. Technol., 44, 440 (1971).
A.R. Payne, Rubber Plast. Age, 42, 963 (1961).
R. Rauline, EUR Patent EP0501227 (1992).
R. Rauline, U.S. Patent US5227425 (1993).
M.P. Wagner, Rubber Chem. Technol., 49, 703 (1976).
R.K. Gupta, E. Kennal and K.J. Kim, Polymer Nanocomposites Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009).
K.J. Kim and J.L. White, Thermoplastic and Rubber Compounds, Hanser, Münch (2008).
A.I. Isayev, C.K. Hong and K.J. Kim, Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, 923 (2003).
K.J. Kim and J.L. White, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6, 372 (2000).
S.M. Kim, H.W. Cho, J.W. Kim and K.J. Kim, Elast. Compos., 45, 223 (2010).
K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, Compos. Interf., 11, 471 (2004).
K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, Rubber Chem. Technol., 78, 84 (2005).
K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 95, 623 (2005).
S.M. Kim, C.S. Nam and K.J. Kim, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22, 144 (2011).
C.Y. Choi, S.M. Kim, Y.H. Park, M.K. Jang, J.W. Nah and K.J. Kim, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22, 411 (2011).
K.J. Kim, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124, 2937 (2012).
D.T.T. Nga, J.K. Kim and K.J. Kim, Int. Polym. Process., 26, 368 (2011).
D.T.T. Nga, S. Lee, J.K. Kim and K.J. Kim,Compos. Interf., 18, 151 (2011).
D.T.T. Nga, J.K. Kim and K.J. Kim, J. Vinyl Additive Technol., 16, 254 (2010).
K.J. Kim and J.L. White, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7, 50 (2001).
K.J. Kim and J.L. White, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 6, 262 (2000).
K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 8, 334 (2002).
K.J. Kim and J.L. White, Compos. Interf., 9, 541 (2002).
K.J. Kim and J. Vanderkooi, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 55, 518 (2002).
C. Lin and W.L. Hergenorother, A.S. Hilton, Rubber Chem. Technol., 75, 215 (2002).
S.M. Kim, C.Y. Choi, M.K. Jang, J.W. Nah and K.J. Kim, Elast. Compos., 47, 18 (2012).
S.M. Kim, M.K. Jang, C.Y. Choi, J.W. Nah and K.J. Kim, Elast. Compos., 47, 23 (2012).
S. Wolff, K. Burmester and E.H. Tan, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 29, 691 (1976).
A. Wesrlinning and S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 19, 470 (1966).
S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 22, 367 (1969).
S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 23, 7 (1970).
S. Wolff, H. Pöhnisch and P. Hoffmann, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 28, 379 (1975).
S. Wolff, Colloq. Int. CNRS, Bischenberg Obernai, no. 231 (1973).
S. Wolff and E.H. Tan, Rubber Division, American Chemical Society, New York, no. 66 (1986).
M.J. Wang, S. Wolff and E.H. Tan, Rubber Division, American Chemical Society, Louisville, Kentucky, no. 60 (1992).
E.H. Tan, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Haute Alsace, France (1992).
M.J. Wang, S. Wolff and J.B. Donnet, Rubber Chem. Technol., 64, 559 (1991).
S. Wolff, Kautsch. Gummi. Kunstst., 27, 511 (1974).