Copyright (c) 2013 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Degradation of the Emerging Contaminant Naproxen in Aqueous Solutions by Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Corresponding Author(s) : J.B. Zhang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 7 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 7
Abstract
This study focused on the degradation of naproxen by dielectric barrier discharge. The effects of various parameters such as output power, naproxen initial concentration, solution pH, presence of additives on the degradation of naproxen were investigated. The degradation value was 93.2 % when output power was 60 W and 6 min was selected as the discharge time. The degradation efficiency was higher under acidic conditions than in alkaline media and the degradation efficiency decreased with the increasing of initial concentration at the same discharge time. 0.25 % H2O2 additive enhanced the degradation process, however, 1.0 and 1.5 % H2O2 additive hindered the degradation. The presence of Fe2+ could enhance the degradation of naproxen, however, the increment in degradation efficiency might be suppressed to some extent at a high concentration level. Identification of byproducts has shown that demethylation and decarboxylation are the principal initial processes in the degradation of naproxen under the conditions of this experiment.
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- B. Halling-Sorensen, S.N. Nielsen, P.F. Lanzky, F. Ingerslev, H.C.H. Lutzhoft and S.E. Jorgensen, Chemosphere, 36, 357 (1998).
- T.A. Ternes, N. Herrmann, M. Bonerz, T. Knacker, H. Siegrist and A. Joss, Water Res., 38, 4075 (2004).
- C.E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. Marco-Urrea and G. Caminal, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 2259 (2010).
- N. Nakada, T. Tanishima, H. Shinohara, K. Kiri and H. Takada, Water Res., 40, 3297 (2006).
- J. Radjenovic, A. Jelic, M. Petrovic and D. Barcelo, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393, 168 (2009).
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- M.J. Benotti, R.A. Trenholm, B.J. Vanderford, J.C. Holady, B.D. Stanford and S.A. Snyder, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 597 (2009).
- E. Marco-Urrea, M. Pérez-Trujillo, P. Blánquez, T. Vicent and G. Caminal, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 2159 (2010).
- J.L. Zhao, G.G. Ying, L. Wang, J.F. Yang, X.B. Yang, L.H. Yang and X. Li, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 962 (2009).
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- G.R. Boyd, S.Y. Zhang and D.A. Grimm, Water Res., 39, 668 (2005).
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- V.J. Pereira, K.G. Linden and H.S. Weinberg, Water Res., 41, 4413 (2007).
- J.M. Poyatos, M.M. Munio, M.C. Almecija, J.C. Torres, E. Hontoria and F. Osorio, Water Air Soil Pollut., 205, 187 (2010).
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- F. Abdelmalek, M.R. Ghezzar and M. Belhadj, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 23 (2006).
- A. Yabe, Y. Mori and K. Hijikata, AIAA J., 16, 340 (1978).
- J.W. Feng, Z. Zheng, J.F. Luan, K.Q. Li, L.H. Wang and J.F. Feng, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 838 (2009).
- H.J. Wang, J. Li and X. Quan, J. Electrostat., 64, 416 (2006).
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- D.W. Hu and C.C. Cheng, Chongqing Environ. Sci., 3, 34 (1999) (in Chinese).
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- J. Gao, L. Pu, W. Yang, J. Yu and Y. Li, Plasma Process. Polym., 1, 171 (2004).
- Y. Sun and J.J. Pignatello, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2, 304 (1993).
- C. Flox, S. Ammar, C. Arias, E. Brillas, A.V. Vargas-Zavala and R. Abdelhedi, Appl. Catal. B, 67, 93 (2006).
- P.L. Brezonik and J. Fulkerson-Brekken, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3004 (1998).
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References
B. Halling-Sorensen, S.N. Nielsen, P.F. Lanzky, F. Ingerslev, H.C.H. Lutzhoft and S.E. Jorgensen, Chemosphere, 36, 357 (1998).
T.A. Ternes, N. Herrmann, M. Bonerz, T. Knacker, H. Siegrist and A. Joss, Water Res., 38, 4075 (2004).
C.E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. Marco-Urrea and G. Caminal, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 2259 (2010).
N. Nakada, T. Tanishima, H. Shinohara, K. Kiri and H. Takada, Water Res., 40, 3297 (2006).
J. Radjenovic, A. Jelic, M. Petrovic and D. Barcelo, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393, 168 (2009).
J. Radjenovic, M. Petrovic and D. Barceló, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1365 (2007).
M.J. Benotti, R.A. Trenholm, B.J. Vanderford, J.C. Holady, B.D. Stanford and S.A. Snyder, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 597 (2009).
E. Marco-Urrea, M. Pérez-Trujillo, P. Blánquez, T. Vicent and G. Caminal, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 2159 (2010).
J.L. Zhao, G.G. Ying, L. Wang, J.F. Yang, X.B. Yang, L.H. Yang and X. Li, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 962 (2009).
X. Zhao, J.H. Qu, H.J. Liu, Z.M. Qiang, R.P. Liu and C.Z. Hu, Appl. Catal. B, 91, 539 (2009).
F. Gagné, C. Blaise, M. Fournier and P.D. Hansen, Biochem. Phys. C, 143, 179 (2006).
G.R. Boyd, S.Y. Zhang and D.A. Grimm, Water Res., 39, 668 (2005).
N. Nakada, H. Shinohara, A. Murata, K. Kiri, S. Managaki, N. Sato and H. Takada, Water Res., 41, 4373 (2007).
V.J. Pereira, K.G. Linden and H.S. Weinberg, Water Res., 41, 4413 (2007).
J.M. Poyatos, M.M. Munio, M.C. Almecija, J.C. Torres, E. Hontoria and F. Osorio, Water Air Soil Pollut., 205, 187 (2010).
C.E. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. Marco-Urrea and G. Caminal, J. Hazard. Mater., 179, 1152 (2010).
X.J. Xu, Thin Solid Films, 390, 237 (2001).
N. Sano, T. Kawashima and J. Fujikawa, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 5906 (2002).
R. Peyrous, P. Pignolet and B. Held, J. Phys. D; Appl. Phys., 22, 1658 (1989).
B. Eliasson, M. Hirth and U. Kogelschatz, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 20, 1421 (1987).
F. Abdelmalek, M.R. Ghezzar and M. Belhadj, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 23 (2006).
A. Yabe, Y. Mori and K. Hijikata, AIAA J., 16, 340 (1978).
J.W. Feng, Z. Zheng, J.F. Luan, K.Q. Li, L.H. Wang and J.F. Feng, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 838 (2009).
H.J. Wang, J. Li and X. Quan, J. Electrostat., 64, 416 (2006).
A.A. Joshi, B.R. Locke and P. Arce, J. Hazard. Mater., 41, 3 (1995).
K. Gai, J. Hazard. Mater., 146, 249 (2007).
B. Sun, M. Sato and J.S. Clements, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 509 (2000).
D.W. Hu and C.C. Cheng, Chongqing Environ. Sci., 3, 34 (1999) (in Chinese).
L. Chen, Y.X. Du and L.C. Lei, Environ. Sci., 5, 106 (2003) (in Chinese).
J. Gao, L. Pu, W. Yang, J. Yu and Y. Li, Plasma Process. Polym., 1, 171 (2004).
Y. Sun and J.J. Pignatello, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2, 304 (1993).
C. Flox, S. Ammar, C. Arias, E. Brillas, A.V. Vargas-Zavala and R. Abdelhedi, Appl. Catal. B, 67, 93 (2006).
P.L. Brezonik and J. Fulkerson-Brekken, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3004 (1998).
S.H. Sandvik, P. Bilski, J.D. Pakulski, C.F. Chignell and R.B. Coffin, Mar. Chem., 69, 139 (2000).