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Determination of Morphine in Urine by HPLC Using Ion-Pair Extraction
Corresponding Author(s) : Yaling Yang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 5 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 5
Abstract
A new method was developed for the analysis of morphine in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ion-pair extraction. By adding a kind of hyamine in organic phase, simultaneous extraction and enrichment of morphine were achieved. Effects of the types of organic solvents and carriers, the concentration of carrier and organic, the pH, the stirring rate and the extraction time on the recovery factor of analytes were investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear detection ranges were 0.1-10 mg L-1 for the studied drugs. The limits of detection at signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.03 mg L-1 for morphine. The relative recoveries ranged over 85.5-92.1 %, y = 31.276x - 8.7618, R2 = 0.9969, the relative standard deviations were 0.3-4.4 % (n = 5). This method was successfully applied to analysis of morphine in real urine specimens, revealing that the determination of morphine in urine was feasible.
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- V. Srinivasan, D. Wielbo, J. Simpkins, J. Karlix, K. Sloan and I. Tebbett, J. Pharm. Res., 13, 296 (1996).
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- E.J. Rook, M.J. Hillebrand, H. Rosing, J.M. van Ree and J.H. Beijnen, J. Chromatogr. B, 824, 213 (2005).
- D. Whittington and E.D. Kharasch, J. Chromatogr. B, 796, 95 (2003).
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- C.M. Murphy and M.A. Huestis, J. Mass Spectrom., 40, 1412 (2005).
- F. Musshoff, J. Trafkowski, U. Kuepper and B. Madea, J. Mass Spectrom., 41, 633 (2006).
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References
V. Srinivasan, D. Wielbo, J. Simpkins, J. Karlix, K. Sloan and I. Tebbett, J. Pharm. Res., 13, 296 (1996).
K. Bjune, A. Stubhaug, M.S. Dodgson and H. Breivik, Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., 40, 399 (1996).
R.S. Irwin, F.J. Curley and F.M. Bennett, Drugs, 46, 80 (1993).
Y. Shen, R. Sun and T. Chen, Wenhui Press, Shanghai, p. 856 (1992).
D.M. Bush, Forensic Sci. Int., 174, 111 (2008).
A.J. Barnes, I. Kim, R. Schepers, E.T. Moolchan, L. Wilson, G. Cooper, C. Reid, C. Hand and M.A. Huestis, J. Anal.Toxicol., 27, 402 (2003).
Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug-Testing Programs, Federal Register, Department of Health and Human Services, vol. 69, p. 19675 (2004).
Y.H. Caplan and B.A. Goldberger, J. Anal. Toxicol., 25, 396 (2001).
M.E. Bosch, A.R. Sanchez, F.S. Rojas and C.B. Ojeda, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 43, 799 (2007).
R. Aderjan, S. Hofmann, G. Schmitt and G. Skopp, Anal. Toxicol., 19, 163 (1995).
J. Gerostamoulos and O.H. Drummer, Forensic Sci. Int., 77, 53 (1995).
S.R. Edwards and M.T. Smith, J. Chromatogr. B, 814, 241 (2005).
T. Toyo'oka, M. Yano, M. Kato and Y. Nakahara, Analyst, 126, 1339 (2001).
M. Blanchet, G. Bru, M. Guerret, M. Bromet-Petit and N. Bromet, J. Chromatogr. A, 854, 93 (1999).
E.J. Rook, M.J. Hillebrand, H. Rosing, J.M. van Ree and J.H. Beijnen, J. Chromatogr. B, 824, 213 (2005).
D. Whittington and E.D. Kharasch, J. Chromatogr. B, 796, 95 (2003).
A. Dienes-Nagy, L. Rivier, C. Giroud, M. Augsburger and P. Mangin, J. Chromatogr. A, 854, 109 (1999).
C.M. Murphy and M.A. Huestis, J. Mass Spectrom., 40, 1412 (2005).
F. Musshoff, J. Trafkowski, U. Kuepper and B. Madea, J. Mass Spectrom., 41, 633 (2006).
E. Gustavsson, M. Andersson, N. Stephanson and O. Beck, J. Mass Spectrom., 42, 881 (2007).
S. Oshima, N. Hirayama, K. Kubono, H. Kokusen and T. Honjo, Talanta, 59, 867 (2003).