Copyright (c) 2013 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Microbiological Quality of Different Bottled Water Brands, Marketed in Trabzon, Turkey
Corresponding Author(s) : Omer Dalman
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 4 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 4
Abstract
The microbiological quality of demijohn (19 L) and disposable bottled water products of six different brands were tested with membrane filter technique over a period of 6 months. Bacteriological quality of some of the demijohn bottled water samples was investigated after exposure to the sun light. Under this conditions, microbial contamination was mostly seen in the samples marked as C and E in terms of total coliforms and heterotrophic plate counts. Although their shelf-live was determined as one year, only the second sample (B) was evaluated as appropriate to standards determined by regulation on Intended Human Water Consumption and World Health Organization for 6 months. C and E were not consistent with standards beginning from 1st month. Eventually, in performed study, most of the samples tested were unsuitable for drinking purpose according to permitted levels, if they were consumed even a month after the date of manufacturing. Although, same investigations done for disposable bottled water disclosed that, such as packaged waters safer than the water in demijohn. Because, it was determined that 97 % of 36 tested water samples were found to appropriate to standards.
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- K.F. Abed and S.S. Alwakeel, Middle East J. Sci. Res., 2, 151 (2007).
- A.M. Mead, G. Helm, P. Callan and R.M. Atlas, New Engl. J. Med., 245, 224 (1999).
- T.S. DiPaola, Biological and Chemical Renovation of Wastewater with a Soil Infilterator Low-Pressure Distribution System, Virginia Tech. University Press, Virginia (1998).
- K.K. Chao, C.C. Chao and W.L. Chao, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 1242 (2004).
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- M.A. Marzano, B. Ripamonti and C.M. Balzaretti, Food Control, 22, 333 (2011).
- S.P. Williams, Newsweek, 61, 137 (2001).
- V.T. Gardner, IBWA New, 12, 3 (2004).
- C. Güler, J. Food Compos. Anal., 20, 262 (2007).
- C. Güler, Chemometr. Intell. Lab., 86, 86 (2007).
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- H. Leclerc, D.A.A. Mossel and C. Savage, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2, 341 (1985).
- L.J. Parrington and A.N. Sharpe, Food Microbiol., 15, 79 (1998).
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- K. Obiri-Danso, A. Okore-Hanson and K. Jones, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 37, 334 (2003).
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- D.W. Warburton, K.L. Dodds, R. Burke, M.A. Johnston and P.J. Laffey, Can. J. Microbiol., 38, 12 (1992).
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References
K.F. Abed and S.S. Alwakeel, Middle East J. Sci. Res., 2, 151 (2007).
A.M. Mead, G. Helm, P. Callan and R.M. Atlas, New Engl. J. Med., 245, 224 (1999).
T.S. DiPaola, Biological and Chemical Renovation of Wastewater with a Soil Infilterator Low-Pressure Distribution System, Virginia Tech. University Press, Virginia (1998).
K.K. Chao, C.C. Chao and W.L. Chao, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 1242 (2004).
E. Kara, H.G. Ozdilek and E.E. Kara, Int. J. Environ. Health Res., 14, 151 (2004).
J.M. Farber and E.D. Ewen, The Microbiological Safety of Bottled Waters, Safe Handling of Foods, D.W. Warburton, Marcel Dekker Inc. New York (2000).
M.A. Marzano, B. Ripamonti and C.M. Balzaretti, Food Control, 22, 333 (2011).
S.P. Williams, Newsweek, 61, 137 (2001).
V.T. Gardner, IBWA New, 12, 3 (2004).
C. Güler, J. Food Compos. Anal., 20, 262 (2007).
C. Güler, Chemometr. Intell. Lab., 86, 86 (2007).
L.M. Tamagnini and R.D. Gonzalez, J. Appl. Microbiol., 83, 91 (1997).
S. Cowman and R. Kelsey, In eds.: C. Vanderzant and D.F. Splittstoesser, Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods, Bottled water, Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, edn. 3, pp. 1031-1036 (1992).
P.R. Hunter, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 74, 345 (1993).
Anonim, '21 Hedefte Türkiye, Saglikta Gelecek', T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Refik Saydam Hifzisihha Merkezi Baskanligi Hifzisihha Mektebi Müdürlügü, (Yardim N. ve ark-Eds). Saglik Bakanligi Yayin No.: 711, pp. 112-118, Ankara (2007).
Z. Çobanoglu, C. Kesici and Ç. Ökten, Su Temini ve Denetimi ile Ilgili Yasal Düzenlemeler, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Yayini,Ankara (2005).
D.J. Reasoner, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 92, 307 (2004).
D. Venieri, A. Vantarakis, G. Komninou and M. Papapetropoulou, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 107, 68 (2006).
R. Ramalho, J. Cunha, P. Teixeira and P.A. Gibbs, J. Microbiol. Meth., 44, 97 (2001).
A. Mavridou, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 73, 355 (1992).
E.E. Geldreich, Sanitary significance of Fecal Coliforms in the Environment Publication No. WP-20-3, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio, p. 122 (1996).
S.C. Edberg, J. Environ. Health, 58, 18 (1996).
J. Bharath, M. Mosodeen, S. Motilal, S. Sandy, S. Sharma, T. Tessaro, K. Thomas, M. Umamaheswaran, D. Simeon and A.A. Adesiyun, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 81, 53 (2003).
H. Leclerc, D.A.A. Mossel and C. Savage, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2, 341 (1985).
L.J. Parrington and A.N. Sharpe, Food Microbiol., 15, 79 (1998).
J. Bartram, J. Cotruvo, M. Exner, C. Fricker and A. Glasmacher, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 92, 241 (2004).
Anonymous, Directive du Conseil du 15 Juillet 1980 Relative au Rapprochement des Legislation des États Membres Concernant l'exploitation et mise dans le Commerce des Eaux Minerales Naturelles, (80/777/CEE) Journal Officiel des Communautes Européennes No. L229/1-10 (1980).
C.M. Manaia, O.C. Nunes, P.V. Morais and M.S. da Costa, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 69, 871 (1990).
W.M.K. Li, B. Lacroix and D.A. Powell, The Microbiological Safety of Bottled Water in Canada, Food Safety Network (2001).
F.A. Rosenberg, Clin. Microbiol. Newsletter, 25, 41 (2003).
T. Bischofberger, S.K. Cha, R. Schmitt, B. Konig and W. SchmidtLorenz, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 11, 51 (1990).
G. Tsai and S.C. Yu, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 37, 137 (1997).
A.C. Ferreira, P.V. Morais, C. Gomes and M.S. da Costa,Can. J. Microbiol., 40, 72 (1994).
K. Obiri-Danso, A. Okore-Hanson and K. Jones, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 37, 334 (2003).
P. Legnani, E. Leoni, S. Rapuano, D. Turin and C. Valenti, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 53, 153 (1999).
D.W. Warburton, K.L. Dodds, R. Burke, M.A. Johnston and P.J. Laffey, Can. J. Microbiol., 38, 12 (1992).
R.L. Penland and K.R. Wilhelmus, Ophthalmology, 106, 1500 (1999).
A. Mavridou, M. Papapetropoulou, P. Boufa, M. Lambiri and J.A. Papadakis, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 19, 213 (1994).
M. Papapetropoulou,A. Tsintzou and A. Vantarakis, Can. J. Microbiol., 43, 499 (1997).
D.W. Warburton, J.W. Austin, B.H. Harrison and G. Sanders, J. Food Protect., 61, 948 (1998).
D. Warburton, B. Harrison, B.C. Crawford, R. Foster, C. Fox, L. Gour and P. Krol, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 39, 221 (1998).
A.B. Armas and J.P. Sutherland, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 48, 59 (1999).
M.R. Evans, C.D. Ribeiro and R.L. Salmon, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 9, 1219 (2003).