Copyright (c) 2013 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Effects of Chemical Modifications on Mechanical Properties of Luffa cylindrica
Corresponding Author(s) : E. Sancak
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 25 No. 2 (2013): Vol 25 Issue 2
Abstract
Among the natural fibres, Luffa cylindrica fibres are the ones that are widely available throughout the world. Luffa fibres are known to have lignocellulosic fibre characteristics. Depending on their use, there is work to make them more useful by means of chemical processes. For this aim, through two different processes, conventional and microwave, three different chemical processes were applied. The results obtained were examined with % weight loss values; mechanical properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) followed by FT-IR and X-ray diffraction properties. Three different processes chemical processes, carried out with formic acid and acetic acid were proved to be successful. The reason for the microwave processes to be successful is the strength achieved by sonication. In this study, formic acid and acetic acid processes were found to adequately modify the fibres surfaces.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- A.I.S. Brigida, V.M.A. Calado, L.R.B. Goncalves and M.A.Z. Coelho, Carbohydr. Polym., 79, 832 (2010).
- N. Reddy and Y. Yang, Trend Biotechnol., 23, 22 (2005).
- M.K. Rangahau, Luffa-the Sponge Gourd, http://www.crop.cri.nz/home/productsservices/publications/broadsheets/061luffa.pdf
- A.L. Leo, R. Rowell and N. Tavares, Sao Carlos, 257 (2000).
- K. Oksman, Appl. Polym. Sci., 67, 1503 (1998).
- J.Z. Lu and Q.L. Wu, Wood Sci. Technol., 32, 88 (2000).
- H.Z. Sharifah and M.P. Ansell, J. Comp. Sci. Technol., 64, 1219 (2004).
- C.A. Boynard, S.N. Monteiro and J.R.M. Almedia, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 1927 (2003).
- A.L.F.S. d’Almeida, D.W. Barreto, V. Calado and J.R.M. d’Almeida, Polym. Polym. Comp., 14, 73 (2006).
- L.M. Hassan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101, 2495 (2006).
- N. Merdan, E. Sancak, D. Kocak and M. Yuksek, Asian J. Chem., 24, 975 (2012).
- E. Oner, I. Baser and K. Acar, J. Soc. Dyers Colorists, 111, 279 (1995).
- M. Akalin, N. Merdan, D. Kocak and I. Usta, Ultrasonic, 42, 161 (2004).
- M. Akalin, N. Merdan, D. Kocak and I. Usta, Ultrasonics, 42, 165 (2004).
- M.J. Delaney, Textile Chem. Colourist, 4, 29 (1972).
- K. Haggag, H.L. Hana, B.M. Youssef and N.S. El-Shimy, Dyeing Polyester with Microwave Heating Using Disperse Dyestuffs, American Dyestuff Reporter, March, pp. 22-36 (2005).
- K. Haggag, Fixation of Pad-Dyeing on Cotton Using Microwave Heating, American Dyestuff Reporter, August, pp. 26-30 (1990).
- K.F. Elgert and C. Hoffmann, Melliand Textilberichte, 3, 174 (1995).
- S. Soo Kim, S. Gyung Leem, H. Do Ghim, J. Ho Kim and W. Seok Lyoo, Fibers Polym., 4, 204 (2003).
- A. Ozerdam, I. Tarakcioglu and A. Ozguney, Textile Konfeksiyon, 4, 289 (2008).
- D.E. Kocak, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 130, 1 (2008).
- K. Dilara, J. Polym. Eng., 28, 501 (2008).
- D.R. Keshwani, J.J. Cheng, J.C. Burns, L. Li and V. Chiang, Microwave Pre-treatment of Switch Grass to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis, In: Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting, No. 077127.
- V.O.A. Tanobe, T.H.D. Sydenstricker, M. Munaro and S.C. Amico, Polym. Testing, 24, 474 (2005).
- D. Fakin, V. Golob, K.S. Kleinschenk and L.M. Marechal, Textile Res. J., 76, 448 (2006).
- C. Baley, F. Busnel, Y. Grohens and O. Sire, Composite A, 37, 1626 (2006)
References
A.I.S. Brigida, V.M.A. Calado, L.R.B. Goncalves and M.A.Z. Coelho, Carbohydr. Polym., 79, 832 (2010).
N. Reddy and Y. Yang, Trend Biotechnol., 23, 22 (2005).
M.K. Rangahau, Luffa-the Sponge Gourd, http://www.crop.cri.nz/home/productsservices/publications/broadsheets/061luffa.pdf
A.L. Leo, R. Rowell and N. Tavares, Sao Carlos, 257 (2000).
K. Oksman, Appl. Polym. Sci., 67, 1503 (1998).
J.Z. Lu and Q.L. Wu, Wood Sci. Technol., 32, 88 (2000).
H.Z. Sharifah and M.P. Ansell, J. Comp. Sci. Technol., 64, 1219 (2004).
C.A. Boynard, S.N. Monteiro and J.R.M. Almedia, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87, 1927 (2003).
A.L.F.S. d’Almeida, D.W. Barreto, V. Calado and J.R.M. d’Almeida, Polym. Polym. Comp., 14, 73 (2006).
L.M. Hassan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101, 2495 (2006).
N. Merdan, E. Sancak, D. Kocak and M. Yuksek, Asian J. Chem., 24, 975 (2012).
E. Oner, I. Baser and K. Acar, J. Soc. Dyers Colorists, 111, 279 (1995).
M. Akalin, N. Merdan, D. Kocak and I. Usta, Ultrasonic, 42, 161 (2004).
M. Akalin, N. Merdan, D. Kocak and I. Usta, Ultrasonics, 42, 165 (2004).
M.J. Delaney, Textile Chem. Colourist, 4, 29 (1972).
K. Haggag, H.L. Hana, B.M. Youssef and N.S. El-Shimy, Dyeing Polyester with Microwave Heating Using Disperse Dyestuffs, American Dyestuff Reporter, March, pp. 22-36 (2005).
K. Haggag, Fixation of Pad-Dyeing on Cotton Using Microwave Heating, American Dyestuff Reporter, August, pp. 26-30 (1990).
K.F. Elgert and C. Hoffmann, Melliand Textilberichte, 3, 174 (1995).
S. Soo Kim, S. Gyung Leem, H. Do Ghim, J. Ho Kim and W. Seok Lyoo, Fibers Polym., 4, 204 (2003).
A. Ozerdam, I. Tarakcioglu and A. Ozguney, Textile Konfeksiyon, 4, 289 (2008).
D.E. Kocak, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 130, 1 (2008).
K. Dilara, J. Polym. Eng., 28, 501 (2008).
D.R. Keshwani, J.J. Cheng, J.C. Burns, L. Li and V. Chiang, Microwave Pre-treatment of Switch Grass to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis, In: Proceedings of the ASABE Annual International Meeting, No. 077127.
V.O.A. Tanobe, T.H.D. Sydenstricker, M. Munaro and S.C. Amico, Polym. Testing, 24, 474 (2005).
D. Fakin, V. Golob, K.S. Kleinschenk and L.M. Marechal, Textile Res. J., 76, 448 (2006).
C. Baley, F. Busnel, Y. Grohens and O. Sire, Composite A, 37, 1626 (2006)