Synthesis and Characterization of Palm Kernel Oil Based Trimethylolpropane Ester

Abstract

Palm kernel oil based trimethylolpropane ester for biolubricant base stock was produced. Trimethylolpropane ester was synthesized via esterification of palm kernel free fatty acids (PKFFA) with trimethylolpropane. The mole ratio of PKFFA to trimethylolpropane was held constant at 4:1. The reaction was carried out for 5 h at 150 ºC. 1 % (w/w) of sulphuric acid was added as catalyst. Analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography (GC-FID) using a high-temperature capillary column for characterization of trimethylolpropane ester. The trimethylolpropane ester was tested for the physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the trimethylolpropane ester was successfully synthesized with 68 % yield. The physical and chemical properties of trimethylolpropane ester showed high flash point (above 300 ºC), pour point (3 ºC), high viscosity index (157) with 219 of saponification value and 16 of iodine value.