Soil Contamination by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Due to Diesel Spill near Residential Homes: Health Risk Assessment

Uzochukwu C. Ugochukwu; Alfred Ochonogor; Chika Jidere; Frida Nkoloagu; John Ewoh

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2018.21190

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 7 (2018): Vol 30 Issue 7

Issue Published : May 31, 2018

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Soil Contamination by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Due to Diesel Spill near Residential Homes: Health Risk Assessment

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21190

Uzochukwu C. Ugochukwu

Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

Alfred Ochonogor

Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Chika Jidere

Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Frida Nkoloagu

Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

John Ewoh

Centre for Environmental Management & Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

Corresponding Author(s) : Uzochukwu C. Ugochukwu

uzochukwu.ugochukwu@unn.edu.ng

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 30 No. 7 (2018): Vol 30 Issue 7
Article Published : May 31, 2018

Abstract

This study assessed the human health risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a soil environment of a Nigerian city contaminated by diesel spill from a telecommunication facility. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in analyzing the PAHs. The contaminated soil was delineated into sub-locations AA1, AA2 and AA3. A total of 477 mg/Kg of PAHs with 58 % naphthalene and 42 % carcinogenic PAHs were found in sub-location AA1 whereas the total PAHs for sub-location AA2 was 24.2 mg/kg with 53 % naphthalene and 47 % carcinogenic PAHs. No PAH contamination was detected in sub-location AA3. The assessment of health risk exposure to the non-carcinogenic PAHs indicated insignificant risk for both sub-locations AA1 and AA2. However, the assessment of carcinogenic health risks using soil toxicity method indicates that soil locations AA1 and AA2 were both toxic. The targeted chemical-specific approach reveals cancer risk of exposure to carcinogenic PAHs only in sub-location AA1.

Keywords

Soil toxicity Hydrocarbons Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Risk assessment Cancer risks

Ugochukwu, U. C., Ochonogor, A., Jidere, C., Nkoloagu, F., & Ewoh, J. (2018). Soil Contamination by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Due to Diesel Spill near Residential Homes: Health Risk Assessment. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 30(7), 1491–1495. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21190

Download Citation

References

S.C. Wilson and K.C. Jones, Environ. Pollut., 81, 229 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90206-4.
M. Qiao, C.X. Wang, S.B. Huang, D.H. Wang and Z.J. Wang, Environ. Int., 32, 28 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.04.005.
J. Guinan. M. Charlesworth, M. Service and T. Oliver, Marine Pollut. Bull., 42, 1073 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00077-7.
S. Dahle, V.M. Savinov, G.G. Matishov, A. Evenset and K. Naes, Sci. Total Environ., 306, 57 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00484-9.
I.B. Eneye, The Health, Safety and Environment Challenges of Mobile Telecommunication Infrastructural Development in Nigeria, First West African Conference on EMF Exposure and Health (2014).
Health Canada, Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada, Part V: Guidance on Human Health Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment for Chemicals (2010).
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, US Department of Health And Human Service, Atlanta (1995).
L.E. Sverdrup, T. Nielsen and P.H. Krogh, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2429 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/es010180s.
M.A. Khairy, M. Kolb, A.R. Mostafa, A. El-Fiky and M. Bahadir, J. Hazard. Mater., 170, 389 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.084.
H. Jiao, X. Rui, S. Wu, Z. Bai, X. Zhuang and Z. Huang, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 12, 5775 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120605775.
J. Xu, H. Wang, L. Sheng, X. Liu and X. Zheng, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14, 1 (2017).
N. Ragunathan, K.A. Krock, C. Klawun, T.A. Sasaki and C.L. Wilkins, J. Chromatogr. A, 856, 349 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00819-5.
I.C.T. Nisbet and P.K. LaGoy, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 16, 290 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(92)90009-X.
Department of Ecology (DoE), Evaluating the Toxicity and Assessing the Carcinogenic Risks of Environmental Mixtures using Toxicity Equivalency Factors, Washington, USA (2007).
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, PAH Potency Factors and Selection of Potency Equivalency Factors (PEF) for PAHs based on Benzo(a)pyrene Potency, Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments (2015).
D. Wloka, M. Kacprzak, K. Rosikon and K. Fijalkowski, Environ. Prot. Eng., 39, 115 (2013);
S. Cui, Q. Fu, T.X. Li, D. Liu, Y.F. Li and M. Wang, Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., 9, 83 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20160905.2528.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Toxicological Review of Benzo(a)pyrene, Executive Summary: Integrated Risk Information System, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington DC (2017).
O. Frederic and P. Yves, Chemosphere, 115, 31 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.016.
F. Zhu, S. Yang, W. Fan, A. Wang, H. Hao and S. Yao, Environ. Monit. Assess., 186, 6039 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3838-y.
Environment Canada, TOxicity Testing of National Contaminated Site Remediation Program Priority Substances for Development of Soil Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites, Technical Report for Environmental Conservation Service: Ottawa, Canada (1995).
C.L. Lemieux, A.S. Long, I.B. Lambert, S. Lundstedt, M. Tysklind and P.A. White, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 1797 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/es504466b.
Z. Yu, C.V. Loehr, K.A. Fischer, M.A. Louderback, S.K. Krueger, R.H. Dashwood, N.I. Kerkvliet, C.B. Pereira, J.E. Jennings-Gee, S.T. Dance, M.S. Miller, G.S. Bailey and D.E. Williams, Cancer Res., 66, 755 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3390

References

S.C. Wilson and K.C. Jones, Environ. Pollut., 81, 229 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90206-4.

M. Qiao, C.X. Wang, S.B. Huang, D.H. Wang and Z.J. Wang, Environ. Int., 32, 28 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.04.005.

J. Guinan. M. Charlesworth, M. Service and T. Oliver, Marine Pollut. Bull., 42, 1073 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00077-7.

S. Dahle, V.M. Savinov, G.G. Matishov, A. Evenset and K. Naes, Sci. Total Environ., 306, 57 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00484-9.

I.B. Eneye, The Health, Safety and Environment Challenges of Mobile Telecommunication Infrastructural Development in Nigeria, First West African Conference on EMF Exposure and Health (2014).

Health Canada, Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada, Part V: Guidance on Human Health Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment for Chemicals (2010).

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, US Department of Health And Human Service, Atlanta (1995).

L.E. Sverdrup, T. Nielsen and P.H. Krogh, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2429 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/es010180s.

M.A. Khairy, M. Kolb, A.R. Mostafa, A. El-Fiky and M. Bahadir, J. Hazard. Mater., 170, 389 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.084.

H. Jiao, X. Rui, S. Wu, Z. Bai, X. Zhuang and Z. Huang, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 12, 5775 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120605775.

J. Xu, H. Wang, L. Sheng, X. Liu and X. Zheng, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14, 1 (2017).

N. Ragunathan, K.A. Krock, C. Klawun, T.A. Sasaki and C.L. Wilkins, J. Chromatogr. A, 856, 349 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00819-5.

I.C.T. Nisbet and P.K. LaGoy, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 16, 290 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(92)90009-X.

Department of Ecology (DoE), Evaluating the Toxicity and Assessing the Carcinogenic Risks of Environmental Mixtures using Toxicity Equivalency Factors, Washington, USA (2007).

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), California Environmental Protection Agency, PAH Potency Factors and Selection of Potency Equivalency Factors (PEF) for PAHs based on Benzo(a)pyrene Potency, Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments (2015).

D. Wloka, M. Kacprzak, K. Rosikon and K. Fijalkowski, Environ. Prot. Eng., 39, 115 (2013);

S. Cui, Q. Fu, T.X. Li, D. Liu, Y.F. Li and M. Wang, Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., 9, 83 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20160905.2528.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Toxicological Review of Benzo(a)pyrene, Executive Summary: Integrated Risk Information System, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington DC (2017).

O. Frederic and P. Yves, Chemosphere, 115, 31 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.016.

F. Zhu, S. Yang, W. Fan, A. Wang, H. Hao and S. Yao, Environ. Monit. Assess., 186, 6039 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3838-y.

Environment Canada, TOxicity Testing of National Contaminated Site Remediation Program Priority Substances for Development of Soil Quality Criteria for Contaminated Sites, Technical Report for Environmental Conservation Service: Ottawa, Canada (1995).

C.L. Lemieux, A.S. Long, I.B. Lambert, S. Lundstedt, M. Tysklind and P.A. White, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 1797 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/es504466b.

Z. Yu, C.V. Loehr, K.A. Fischer, M.A. Louderback, S.K. Krueger, R.H. Dashwood, N.I. Kerkvliet, C.B. Pereira, J.E. Jennings-Gee, S.T. Dance, M.S. Miller, G.S. Bailey and D.E. Williams, Cancer Res., 66, 755 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3390

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 7 (2018): Vol 30 Issue 7

Soil Contamination by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Due to Diesel Spill near Residential Homes: Health Risk Assessment

Corresponding Author(s) : Uzochukwu C. Ugochukwu

Abstract

Keywords

Full Article

Download Citation

References

Table Of Contents