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Estimation of Ethanol in Marketed Mouthwashes by Gas Chromatography
Corresponding Author(s) : S. Deshpande
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 29 No. 7 (2017): Vol 29 Issue 7
Abstract
The present study was oriented towards gas chromatographic estimation of alcohol, as a quality control process. The determination of ethanol in alcoholic mouthwash is very essential to maintain the quality and efficacy. In this study simple and rapid gas chromatographic method was developed for determination of ethanol in mouthwash using packed column (15 % FFAP, 2 m × 0.125 inch) with detection by flame ionization detector (FID). The retention time of alcohol was found to be less than 6 min. The estimate of the standard deviation of the chromatography for duplicate injections is ± 0.02 %. This gas chromatography method determines ethanol separately from the other components of mouthwash that interfere in detection method and without distillation or chemical reaction. When large numbers of samples are analyzed, it reduces analysis time per sample and with adequate accuracy of estimation. The developed method was validated with various validation parameters viz. accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness and could be one of the rapid methods for quality control analysis of alcohol containing mouthwashes.
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- D.W. Lachenmeier, Food Chem., 101, 825 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.032.
- S. Armenta, F.A. Esteve-Turrillas, G. Quintas, S. Garrigues, A. Pastor and M. De La Guardia, Anal. Chim. Acta, 569, 238 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.064.
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- M.W. Haq, M. Batool, S.H. Ahsan and N.R. Qureshi, J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 59, 186 (2009).
- F. Khan, K. Alagappan and K. Cardell, J. Emerg. Med., 17, 985 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00134-1.
- D.W. Lachenmeier, J. Occup. Med. Toxicol., 3, 26 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-3-26.
- C.C. Massey and J.D. Shulman, Pediatr. Dent., 28, 405 (2006).
- M.J. McCullough and C.S. Farah, Aust. Dent. J., 53, 302 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00070.x.
- P. O’Reilly, B.E. McCartan and J. Clancy, Irish J. Med. Sci., 163, 178 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02967225.
- G.W.S. Hoo, R.L. Hinds, E. Dinovo and S.W. Renner, J. Intensive Care Med., 18, 150 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066602250783.
- K. Sperry and R. Pfalzgraf, J. Forensic Sci., 35, 1138 (1990).
- E.N. Stackler, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 25, 202 (1994).
- H.W. Zimmerman, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 14, 205 (1963).
- C.M. Dangor and A.M. Veltman, S. Afr. Med. J., 68, 172 (1985).
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, 73, 405 (1984).
- A. Fiocchi, E. Riva and M. Giovannini, Nutr. Res., 19, 373 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00004-4.
- Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, Reflection Paper: Formulations of Choice for the Pediatrics Population, EMEA/CHMP/PEG/194810/2005.
- M.L. Kulkarni, C. Sureshkumar and V. Venkataramana, BMJ, 307, 773 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6907.773.
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- M.K. Gharate, R. Pawar, V. Kasture and R. Patil, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 3, 43 (2011).
- N.J. Pienta, J.W. Jorgenson and R.M. Forbis, Chem. Educ., 1, 1430 (1993).
- T. Tomasz and T. Tadeusz, Techno. Aliment, 4, 73 (2006).
- M.L. Wang, Y.M. Choong, N.W. Su and M.H. Lee, J. Food Drug Anal., 11, 133 (2003).
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- International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Validation of analytical procedures, ICH Q2A,Geneva (1995).
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References
D.W. Lachenmeier, Food Chem., 101, 825 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.032.
S. Armenta, F.A. Esteve-Turrillas, G. Quintas, S. Garrigues, A. Pastor and M. De La Guardia, Anal. Chim. Acta, 569, 238 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.064.
A.M. Egbert, J.S. Reed, B.J. Powell, B.I. Liskow and B.S. Liese, J. Stud. Alcohol, 46, 473 (1985); https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1985.46.473.
E. Gagari and S. Kabani, Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod., 80, 432 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(05)80337-3.
M.W. Haq, M. Batool, S.H. Ahsan and N.R. Qureshi, J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 59, 186 (2009).
F. Khan, K. Alagappan and K. Cardell, J. Emerg. Med., 17, 985 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00134-1.
D.W. Lachenmeier, J. Occup. Med. Toxicol., 3, 26 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-3-26.
C.C. Massey and J.D. Shulman, Pediatr. Dent., 28, 405 (2006).
M.J. McCullough and C.S. Farah, Aust. Dent. J., 53, 302 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00070.x.
P. O’Reilly, B.E. McCartan and J. Clancy, Irish J. Med. Sci., 163, 178 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02967225.
G.W.S. Hoo, R.L. Hinds, E. Dinovo and S.W. Renner, J. Intensive Care Med., 18, 150 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066602250783.
K. Sperry and R. Pfalzgraf, J. Forensic Sci., 35, 1138 (1990).
E.N. Stackler, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 25, 202 (1994).
H.W. Zimmerman, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 14, 205 (1963).
C.M. Dangor and A.M. Veltman, S. Afr. Med. J., 68, 172 (1985).
American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, 73, 405 (1984).
A. Fiocchi, E. Riva and M. Giovannini, Nutr. Res., 19, 373 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00004-4.
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, Reflection Paper: Formulations of Choice for the Pediatrics Population, EMEA/CHMP/PEG/194810/2005.
M.L. Kulkarni, C. Sureshkumar and V. Venkataramana, BMJ, 307, 773 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6907.773.
S. Apers, E. Van Meenen, L. Pieters and A. Vlietinck, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 33, 529 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(03)00302-9.
M.K. Gharate, R. Pawar, V. Kasture and R. Patil, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 3, 43 (2011).
N.J. Pienta, J.W. Jorgenson and R.M. Forbis, Chem. Educ., 1, 1430 (1993).
T. Tomasz and T. Tadeusz, Techno. Aliment, 4, 73 (2006).
M.L. Wang, Y.M. Choong, N.W. Su and M.H. Lee, J. Food Drug Anal., 11, 133 (2003).
B.S. Hwang, J.T. Wang and Y.M. Choong, Food Chem., 82, 329 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00005-0.
European Pharmacopoeia, 5th Edn, Ethanol Content and Alcoholimetric Tables, Monograph 01/2005:20910.
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Validation of analytical procedures, ICH Q2A,Geneva (1995).
International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Validation of analytical procedures: Methodology, ICH Q2B, Geneva (1996).