Toxic Levels in Industrial Effluents and Domestic Wastewater of Mirpur, Pakistan

Yasir Munir; Muhammad Aslam Mirza; Muhammad Aziz Ch.; Ayesha Fazal; Masood Iqbal

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2016.20123

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 12 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 12

Issue Published : September 1, 2016

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Toxic Levels in Industrial Effluents and Domestic Wastewater of Mirpur, Pakistan

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.20123

Yasir Munir

Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur-10250, Pakistan

Muhammad Aslam Mirza

Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur-10250, Pakistan

Muhammad Aziz Ch.

Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur-10250, Pakistan

Ayesha Fazal

Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur-10250, Pakistan

Masood Iqbal

Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur-10250, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Yasir Munir

yasarmunir142@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 28 No. 12 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 12
Article Published : September 2, 2016

Abstract

The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters in Mirpur city, Pakistan were studied to ascertain the quality of wastewater. Total 14 parameters were analyzed and results were compared with those of NEQS and WHO guidelines for wastewater. Forty five samples (6 industrial, 34 domestic and 5 fresh water) were collected from the targeted area and were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, pH, total hardness (TH), alkalinity, salinity, sulphates, chlorides, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate, sodium, potassium, total coli form and fecal coli form. Sample S₁₁ (Sangot Kho Colony) and sample S₂₄ (Akson Pharmaceutical Industry) showed maximum value of TDS and EC. Total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity are linearly correlated and around 75 % samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of WHO. Nitrate nitrogen and pH in all samples were within range of standard desirable limits. Only 3 samples showed strong hardness. Alkalinity in 17 samples of study area surpassed the maximum permissible limit. Concentration of chloride and sulphate was comparable with each other and sulphate in 12 samples and chloride in 7 samples crossed the maximum permissible values. Major metal cations in both industrial and domestic wastewater followed the order Na > K. Concentration of sodium was investigated higher in 7 samples and similarly potassium concentration was also observed higher in 5 samples than permissible limits. All wastewater samples (industrial and domestic) indicated higher values of total coliform and fecal coliform ranging between 200-520 and 180-320 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Drinking water samples also showed the microbial contamination which exposed the underground mixing of water supply system with sewage. All samples exceeded the WHO guideline value for bacteriological contamination which is Nil/100 mL.

Keywords

Industrial effluents Domestic wastewater Toxic levels Mirpur Total coliform Fecal coliform

Munir, Y., Mirza, M. A., Ch., M. A., Fazal, A., & Iqbal, M. (2016). Toxic Levels in Industrial Effluents and Domestic Wastewater of Mirpur, Pakistan. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 28(12), 2781–2787. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.20123

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References

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Ground Water, The Invisible Resources, World Meteorological Organization, (http;//www.site-cicles.co.uk/groundwater.htm).

C. Barber, C.J. Otto, L.E. Bates and K.J. Taylor, J. Hydrogeol., 4, 6 (1996); doi:10.1007/s100400050078.

C. Subbarao, N.V. Subbarao and S.N. Chandu, Environ. Geol., 28, 175 (1996); doi:10.1007/s002540050091.

M. Eiswirth and H. Hotzl, in ed. J. Chilton, The Impact of Leaking Sewers on Urban Groundwater, Proceedings of the XXVII IAH Congress on Groundwater in Theurban Environment, Problems, Processes and Management, 21-27 September 1997, Rotterdam/Brookfield, vol. 1, pp. 399-404 (1997).

T.J.R. Sharp, in ed.: J. Chilton, Groundwater Supply Issues in Urban and Urbanizing areas, Proceedings of the XXVII IAH Congress on Groundwater in the Urban Environment, Problems, Processes and Management, 21-27 September 1997, Rotterdam/Brookfield, vol. 1, pp. 67-74 (1997).

R. Trauth and C. Xanthopoulos, Water Res., 31, 2711 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00124-3.

J. Niemczynowicz, Urban Water, 1, 1 (1999); doi:10.1016/S1462-0758(99)00009-6.

D.N. Lerner, Hydrogeol. J., 10, 143 (2002); doi:10.1007/s10040-001-0177-1.

M.A. Bhatti, Ground Water Management in South Asia, A Regional Initiative (2002).

A. Kaur and Siddhartha, Int. Soc. Environ. Inform. Sci., 2, 595 (2010).

B. Rajpa and S. Manjappa, Appl. Sci. Res., 2, 143 (2011).

O.E. Bolawa and G.O. Gbnela, J. Environ. Sci. Water Res., 1, 34 (2012).

Y. Jin, N. Maleky, N.A. Kramer and K. Ikehata, Water Environ. Res., 85, 1954 (2013); doi:10.2175/106143013X13698672323029.

M.I. Khattak, Sci. Int. (Lahore), 26, 301 (2014).

R. Islam, J. Al Foisal, Hasanuzzaman, M. Rahman, L.A. Lisa and D.K. Paul, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 10, 9 (2016); doi:10.5897/AJEST2014.1994.

http//www.ajk.gov.pk.com.

M.A. Mirza and M.Y. Khuhawar, Asian J. Chem., 21, 3651 (2009).

R. Lydekker, Reg. Geol. Surv. India, 9, 155 (1876).

L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg and A.D. Eaton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; American Public Health Association, Washington DC, edn 20 (1998).

APHA Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, edn 17, p. 1497 (1989).

M.R. Sharma, Pollut. Res., 23, 131 (2004).

WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, vol. 1, Recommendations WHO, Geneva (1984).

http://www.koausa.org/Geolography/ch 1.4.html.

M.A. Mirza, M.Y. Khuhawar and R. Arian, Asian J. Chem., 19, 5279 (2007).

D.N. Wadia, Geol. Surv. India., 26, 302 (1896).

M.N. Chaudhary and M. Ashraf, Kashmir J. Geol., 2, 1 (1984).

M. Ghazanfar and M.S. Baig, Kashmir J. Geol., 1, 1 (1983).

R.V. Thomann and J.A. Mueller, Principles of Water Quality Modeling; Harper and Row Publishers, NY, USA (1987).

Issue

Vol. 28 No. 12 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 12

Toxic Levels in Industrial Effluents and Domestic Wastewater of Mirpur, Pakistan

Corresponding Author(s) : Yasir Munir

Abstract

Keywords

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