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Dissipation of Chlorine in Drinking Water of Bhubaneswar Water Supply System, Odisha, India
Corresponding Author(s) : A.K. Dash
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 28 No. 12 (2016): Vol 28 Issue 12
Abstract
Water samples were collected from 55 sampling stations of three water treatment plants at Bhubaneswar city, Odisha for analysis of residual chlorine. On the basis of distance from the source, the total study area was sub-divided into short (< 6.9 km), medium (6.9-10.4 km) and long (>10.4 km) distance. Average chlorine content was highest in short distance (0.934 mg/L) followed by medium (0.756 mg/L) and long distance (0.684 mg/L). One way ANOVA test on chlorine content of water supplied from treatment plants to different locations on the basis of distance showed a significant difference (F = 90.522; p < 0.05). The regression value for short distance was; r2 = 0.816, 0.841 and 0.865 against linear, quadratic and cubic models. Similarly for medium distance; r2 was 0.969, 0.969 and 0.969 and for long distance; r2 was 0.867, 0.868 and 0.868 against linear, quadratic and cubic models respectively.
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- G. Liguori, I. Cavallotti, A. Arnese, C. Amiranda, D. Anastasi and I.F. Angelillo, BMC Microbiol., 10, 19 (2010); doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-19.
- B. Warton, A. Heitz, C. Joll and R.A. Kagi, Water Res., 40, 2877 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.020.
- G.C. White, Handbook of Chlorination, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY (1972).
- S.E. Hrudey and E.J. Hrudey, Safe Drinking Water–Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations, IWA Publication, London, pp. 514 (2004).
- J.C. Powell, N.B. Hallam, J.R. West, C.F. Forster and J. Simms, Water Res., 34, 117 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00097-4.
- J.J. Vasconcelos, P.F. Boulos and W.M. Grayman, L. KieÂneÂ, O. Wable, P. Biswas, A. Bhari, L.A. Rossman, R.M. Clark and J.A. Goodrich, Characterization and Modelling of Chlorine Decay In Distribution Systems, AWWA Research foundation, Denver, Co. (1996).
- G.I. Mutoti, J.D. Dietz, J. Arevalo and J.S. Taylor, J. AWWA, 99, 96 (2007).
- G.R. Munavalli and M.A. Kulkarni, J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 51, 53 (2009).
- A.T. Tiruneh, A.O. Fadiran, S.J. Nkambule and L.M. Zwane, Am. J. Sci. Technol., 3, 53 (2016).
- M.W. LeChevalier, A.E. Cawthon and R.G. Lee, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 649 (1988).
- M.W. LeChevalier, J. AWWA, 82, 74 (1990).
- M.S. Kennedy, S. Sarikelle and K. Suravollop, J. AWWA, 83, 54 (1991).
- M.J. Rodriguez, J.R. West, J. Powell and J.B. Sérodes, Water Sci. Technol., 36, 317 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00489-7.
- F. Hua, J.R. West, R.A. Barker and C.F. Forster, Water Res., 33, 2735 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00519-3.
- A. Sharma, J. Hydrol., 239, 232 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00346-2.
- V.G. Tzatchkov, A.A. Aldama and F.I. Arreguin, J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 128, 334 (2002); doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:5(334).
- M.J. Rodriguez, J. Milot and J.B. Serodes, J. Water Supply Res. Technol.-Aqua, 52, 199 (2003).
- A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Microbios, 85, 257 (1996).
- A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Cytobios, 88, 11 (1996).
- A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Indian J. Environ. Prog., 19, 1 (1998).
- A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient, 15, 79 (1999).
- A.K. Dash, Int. J. Res. Rev. Appl. Sci., 12, 280 (2012).
- A. Pradhan, S.K. Sahu and A.K. Dash, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4, 2706 (2013).
- A.K. Dash and A. Pradhan, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4, 2753 (2013).
- A.K. Dash, The Ecoscan, 3, 297 (2013).
- A.K. Dash, S.K. Sahu, A. Pradhan, S.K. Dash and R.N. Kolli, Asian J. Chem., 28, 1385 (2016); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2016.19772.
- Indian Standard Method [IS: 3025 (Part 26) – Reaffirmed, 2003] for Estimation of Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water.
- L. Kiene, W. Lu and Y. Levi, Parameters Governing the Rate of Chlorine Decay Throughout Distribution System, AWWA ACE93173, San Antonio, pp. 503-511 (1993).
References
G. Liguori, I. Cavallotti, A. Arnese, C. Amiranda, D. Anastasi and I.F. Angelillo, BMC Microbiol., 10, 19 (2010); doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-19.
B. Warton, A. Heitz, C. Joll and R.A. Kagi, Water Res., 40, 2877 (2006); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.05.020.
G.C. White, Handbook of Chlorination, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY (1972).
S.E. Hrudey and E.J. Hrudey, Safe Drinking Water–Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations, IWA Publication, London, pp. 514 (2004).
J.C. Powell, N.B. Hallam, J.R. West, C.F. Forster and J. Simms, Water Res., 34, 117 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00097-4.
J.J. Vasconcelos, P.F. Boulos and W.M. Grayman, L. KieÂneÂ, O. Wable, P. Biswas, A. Bhari, L.A. Rossman, R.M. Clark and J.A. Goodrich, Characterization and Modelling of Chlorine Decay In Distribution Systems, AWWA Research foundation, Denver, Co. (1996).
G.I. Mutoti, J.D. Dietz, J. Arevalo and J.S. Taylor, J. AWWA, 99, 96 (2007).
G.R. Munavalli and M.A. Kulkarni, J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 51, 53 (2009).
A.T. Tiruneh, A.O. Fadiran, S.J. Nkambule and L.M. Zwane, Am. J. Sci. Technol., 3, 53 (2016).
M.W. LeChevalier, A.E. Cawthon and R.G. Lee, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 649 (1988).
M.W. LeChevalier, J. AWWA, 82, 74 (1990).
M.S. Kennedy, S. Sarikelle and K. Suravollop, J. AWWA, 83, 54 (1991).
M.J. Rodriguez, J.R. West, J. Powell and J.B. Sérodes, Water Sci. Technol., 36, 317 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00489-7.
F. Hua, J.R. West, R.A. Barker and C.F. Forster, Water Res., 33, 2735 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00519-3.
A. Sharma, J. Hydrol., 239, 232 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00346-2.
V.G. Tzatchkov, A.A. Aldama and F.I. Arreguin, J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 128, 334 (2002); doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:5(334).
M.J. Rodriguez, J. Milot and J.B. Serodes, J. Water Supply Res. Technol.-Aqua, 52, 199 (2003).
A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Microbios, 85, 257 (1996).
A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Cytobios, 88, 11 (1996).
A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Indian J. Environ. Prog., 19, 1 (1998).
A.K. Dash and P.C. Mishra, Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient, 15, 79 (1999).
A.K. Dash, Int. J. Res. Rev. Appl. Sci., 12, 280 (2012).
A. Pradhan, S.K. Sahu and A.K. Dash, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4, 2706 (2013).
A.K. Dash and A. Pradhan, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 4, 2753 (2013).
A.K. Dash, The Ecoscan, 3, 297 (2013).
A.K. Dash, S.K. Sahu, A. Pradhan, S.K. Dash and R.N. Kolli, Asian J. Chem., 28, 1385 (2016); doi:10.14233/ajchem.2016.19772.
Indian Standard Method [IS: 3025 (Part 26) – Reaffirmed, 2003] for Estimation of Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water.
L. Kiene, W. Lu and Y. Levi, Parameters Governing the Rate of Chlorine Decay Throughout Distribution System, AWWA ACE93173, San Antonio, pp. 503-511 (1993).