Preparation of Expandable Graphite Intercalated by Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Silicate and Its Flame Retardancy Application for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

Xiu-Yan Pang; Yu Tian; Zhi-Xiao Zhai; Ming-Wei Duan

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.16206

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 14 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 14

Issue Published : July 5, 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Preparation of Expandable Graphite Intercalated by Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Silicate and Its Flame Retardancy Application for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16206

Xiu-Yan Pang

College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China

Yu Tian

College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China

Zhi-Xiao Zhai

College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China

Ming-Wei Duan

College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P.R. China

Corresponding Author(s) : Xiu-Yan Pang

pxy833@163.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 14 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 14
Article Published : July 6, 2014

Abstract

Expandable graphite intercalated by sulfuric acid and sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) was prepared by two step intercalation method under oxidation of KMnO₄. The influence of various factors on dilatability of the expandable graphite were discussed including the dosages of KMnO₄, H₂SO₄, Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O and H₂SO₄ concentration, pH of Na₂SiO₃ and NaOH mixed solution, reaction temperature, reaction time. Expandable graphite with an initial expansion temperature of 202 °C and expansion volume of 517 mL/g could be prepared under the mass ratio C:KMnO₄:H₂SO₄ (98 %):Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O of 1.0:0.22:4.0:0.8. H₂SO₄ should be diluted to mass concentration of 75 % before intercalation, Na₂SiO₃ dissolved in NaOH aqueous solution with a pH of 13 was dropwise added when the intercalation of H₂SO₄ preceded 7.5 min and the reaction was totally maintained 40 min at 40 °C. X-ray powder diffraction analysis was performed to illuminate the structure characteristics of expandable graphite and its flame retarding property for ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was investigated and characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and scanning electron microscope. The LOI of EVA is only 19.3 %; addition of 30 % expandable graphite made the LOI of EVA/expandable graphite reaches 28.4 %, but the addition of same dosage of compared blank expandable graphite only get a LOI of 24.4 %. The excellent anti-flame capability of expandable graphite is owing to its fully endothermic expansion and formation of heat insulation swollen multicellular char.

Keywords

Expandable graphite Silicate Dilatability Intumescent flame retardant Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer

Pang, X.-Y., Tian, Y., Zhai, Z.-X., & Duan, M.-W. (2014). Preparation of Expandable Graphite Intercalated by Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Silicate and Its Flame Retardancy Application for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(14), 4297–4302. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16206

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C.F. Kuan, K.C. Tsai, C.H. Chen, H.C. Kuan, T.Y. Liu and C.L. Chiang, Polym. Compos., 33, 872 (2012); doi:10.1002/pc.22224.

X.Y. Pang and J.H. Liu, Asian J. Chem., 22, 3014 (2010).

X.Y. Pang, L.J. Xu and L.L. Zhang, Asian J. Chem., 24, 382 (2012).

R.C. Xie and B. Qu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 80, 1190 (2001); doi:10.1002/app.1203.

J. Li, J. Li and M. Li, Mater. Lett., 62, 2047 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.11.011.

M. Thirumal, D. Khastgir, N.K. Singha, B.S. Manjunath and Y.P. Naik, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 110, 2586 (2008); doi:10.1002/app.28763.

X.G. Zhang, L.L. Ge, W.Q. Zhang, J.H. Tang, L. Ye and Z.M. Li, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 122, 932 (2011); doi:10.1002/app.34198.

R.C. Xie and B.J. Qu, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 71, 375 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00188-9.

H.F. Zhu, Q.L. Zhu, J. Li, K. Tao, L.X. Xue and Q. Yan, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 96, 183 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.11.017.

X.C. Bian, J.H. Tang, Z.M. Li, Z.Y. Lu and A. Lu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104, 3347 (2007); doi:10.1002/app.25933.

L. Ye, X.Y. Meng, X. Ji, Z.M. Li and J.H. Tang, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 94, 971 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.016.

H. Shioyama and R. Fujii, Carbon, 25, 771 (1987); doi:10.1016/0008-6223(87)90149-7.

X.Y. Pang, S.K. Zhi, Y.J. Su, L. Liu and F. Lin, J. Hebei Univ. Nat. Sci., 31, 497 (2011).

C. Xiling, S. Kemin, L. Jihui and L. Jinpeng, Carbon, 34, 1599 (1996); doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(97)88096-7.

V.S. Leshin, N.E. Sorokina and V.V. Avdeev, Russ. J. Electrochem., 41, 572 (2005); doi:10.1007/s11175-005-0108-x.

Z.D. Han, D.W. Zhang, L.M. Dong and X.Y. Zhang, Chinese J. Inorg. Chem., 23, 286 (2007).

X.Y. Pang, M.K. Song, Y. Tian and M.W. Duan, J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 57, 1318 (2012); doi:10.4067/S0717-97072012000300026.

M. Zanetti and L. Costa, Polymer, 45, 4367 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.043.

Z. Hu, L. Chen, B. Zhao, Y. Luo, D.Y. Wang and Y.Z. Wang, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 96, 320 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.03.005.

X.Y. Pang, Y. Tian, M.W. Duan and M. Zhai, Cent. Eur. J. Chem., 11, 953 (2013); doi:10.2478/s11532-013-0227-2.

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 14 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 14

Preparation of Expandable Graphite Intercalated by Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Silicate and Its Flame Retardancy Application for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

Corresponding Author(s) : Xiu-Yan Pang

Abstract

Keywords

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