Asian Journal of Chemistry
type: channel
description: Asian Journal of Chemistry, a Multidisciplinary Chemistry Journal is a Peer Reviewed International Journal publishes from India. ISSN: 0975-427X (Online) |ISSN: 0970-7077 (Print) |CODEN: AJCHEW Prof. (Dr.) R. K. AGARWAL Editor-in-Chief Dr. HIMANSHU AGARWAL Executive Editor Prof. Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Associate Editor
publisher: https://asianpubs.org/
language: en-US
publication name: Asian Journal of Chemistry
issn: 0970-7077
items: Green Synthesis of Spiropyranone 3-Aryl-4-Methylcoumarin Derivatives using Carbonyldiimidazole
items: Spectroscopic Structural Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies of Newly Isolated Rhamnose Containing Hexaoligosaccharide from Mango Honey: Implications for Wound Healing Activity
items: Effect of Substituents at α- and β-Carbon Atoms on β-Elimination Reactions of N-Alkyl Pyrazoles: A Theoretical Approach
items: Computational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel 1H-Pyrrolizine Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
items: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazole–1,2,3-Triazole Hybrid Derivatives as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents
items: Design and Synthesis of Novel Hydrazone-Linked 1,2,3-Triazole-Pyrazole Derivatives: In vitro Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Studies
items: Molecular Design and Characterisation of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanogel Sponges for Controlled Glutathione Release and Wound Healing
items: Structural, Optical, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Hydrothermally Synthesised CuO–WO3 Heterojunction Nanocomposite
items: Isolation, Characterisation and in silico Studies of Bioactive Terpenoid and Flavonoid from the Seeds of Mucuna pruriens
items: Phytochemical Screening and FTIR Characterisation of Ultrasonic Assisted Methanolic Extract of Chlorococcum humicola: Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities
items: Phytochemical and Trace Metal Analysis of Agave Leaves Used in Cosmetics from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
items: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Ficus carica Latex from the West Bank, Palestine
items: Measurements of L1 and L2 Subshell Fluorescence Yields for Dy at 22.6 keV Incident Photon Energy
items: Li(i=1-3) sub-shell X-ray Relative Intensities for some Elements
items: Abnormal reversal of V/R ratio of Hα line in the shell star HD 142983
items: A Gamma Scattering Technique for Inspecting Density Variation
items: Investigation of Electron Capture after- Effects and Environmental Changes in some Barium Compounds with 133Ba Nuclear Probe
items: Depth Dependence Radon Study in Indian Tube-Wells
items: Comparative Evaluation of UV / Solar Light Induced Photode gradation of Azo Dye in Aqueous Solutions
items: Study of CK Enhancement Factors for Oxygen Induced L Subshell X-rays in Lanthanum Series (58 ≤ Z ≤ 70)
items: Study of Neutron Induced Modification on Optical Band Gap of CR-39 Polymeric Detector
items: Indoor Radiation Levels Enhanced by Underground Radon Diffusion
items: Activity Measurements and Dependence of Radon Exhalation Rate on Physical Sample Parameters in Soil Samples
items: Empirical Relations for Matrix Effects in Synthetic Thick Samples Comprising Low Z Elements
items: Coster-Kronig Corrected Experimental and Theoretical Alignment Parameter for Tungsten-a Comparison
items: Contribution of CK Transfer to Proton induced L Subshell X-Ray Production Cross-Sections for Direct and Indirect Vacancies
items: Various Types of Hα Emissions and Absorptions in Be/Shell Stars
items: Energy, Charge and Z Dependence of Carbon (I.E.C+Q Where Q=1,2,3)Projectile Induced L Sub Shell X-Ray Intensity Ratios in Au, Tl, Bi, Th and U Elements
items: Non-Destructive Evaluation of Pb-Sn Alloys by Scattering of 145 Kev Gamma Rays
items: Investigations of Energy Dependence of Saturation Thickness of Multiply Backscattered Gamma Photons in Carbon
items: Total Bremsstrahlung Cross-Section for Al, Ti, Sn and Pb at Incident Electron Energy of 10 keV, 50 keV and 100 keV
items: Interaction of gamma ray photons with some biological samples
items: Investigations of Building Materials as Gamma Ray Shielding Materials
items: Elemental Analysis of Ash using X-Ray Fluorescence Technique
items: A Comparative Study on the Influence of IR Radiations to Some Polymers
items: Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in Brick Samples Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
items: Use of Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Assessment of Natural Radioactive Dose in Some Samples of Building Materials
items: Directional Compton Profiles and Energy Bands of Palladium
items: Nature of Bonding in Chromium Chalcogenides: A Compton Profile Study
items: Electronic Structure of TaC using Compton Scattering Technique
items: Radiation Hormesis in Humans Exposed to Low Level Ionizing Radiation
items: Spectroscopic Study of Four Members of Balmer Series in Be Stars
items: Variation at Hα Emission Line in a Unique Be Star γ Cassiopeiae
items: Catalytic Functionalities of Palladium Supported on Zirconia Catalysts for Reductive-Amination of Phenol to Aniline
items: Low-Level Radiation Exposure to Some Industrial Workers
items: Study of Phonons in CaSiO3 Perovskite at Lower Mantle Pressure
items: Application of Nanostructures and New Nano particles as Advanced Biomaterials
items: Electronic-Ionic Conductivity in Molybdenum Oxide glasses Doped with Sodium ions
items: Structural Properties of NiO-CGO Composites Precursor Prepared via Combustion Synthesis Route
items: Structural Characterization of fly ash doped lithium borate Glasses

Green Synthesis of Spiropyranone 3-Aryl-4-Methylcoumarin Derivatives using Carbonyldiimidazole
type: item
description: A series of spiropyranone 3-aryl-4-methylcoumarin derivatives have been synthesized from monospiro-2-hydroxy acetophenone in a novel and efficient green method using imidazolyl intermediates and inorganic base. Imidazolyl intermediates were in turn generated by grinding the respective phenylacetic acid along with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). Similarly, monospiro-2-hydroxy acetophenone derivatives were prepared selectively by avoiding formation of bis derivatives following literature procedure. The titled compounds were purified by preparative TLC technique and were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR as well as mass spectral methods.
creator: D. Ashok
creator: E.V.L. Madhuri
creator: M. Sarasija
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-09-18
publication date: 2019-09-18
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 205
ending page: 208
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2020.22376

Spectroscopic Structural Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies of Newly Isolated Rhamnose Containing Hexaoligosaccharide from Mango Honey: Implications for Wound Healing Activity
type: item
description: A novel rhamnose-containing oligosaccharide, magnorhamnose (C41H72N2O30), was isolated from the chloroform extract of mango honey using silica gel column chromatography with chloroform and methanol as the mobile phase. The honey sample was extracted using a modified method involving acetylation followed by chloroform extraction, which facilitated the isolation of the oligosaccharide fraction. The isolated compound showed positive results in the phenol-sulphuric acid, Feigl and Morgan-Elson tests, confirming the presence of carbohydrate moieties along with N-acetyl-containing monosaccharide units. Based on these structural characteristics, PASS analysis was performed to predict its potential biological activities. The compound exhibited promising antimicrobial and antifungal activities with Pa values of 0.751 and 0.740, respectively, indicating its possible therapeutic relevance. To further support these predictions, molecular docking studies were carried out against five proteins associated with wound-healing activity, namely 1FLT, 1Q7D, 2AZ5, 6Y8M, and 6B8Y. Magnorhamnose demonstrated favorable binding affinities with docking energies of -8.0, -5.2, -7., -5.6 and -5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The combined findings from phytochemical characterization, PASS prediction, and molecular docking analysis suggest that magnorhamnose possesses potential antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, warranting further experimental investigation.
creator: Akanksha Yadav
creator: Aparna Sharma
creator: Ranvijay Pratap Singh
creator: Shashi Bala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Akanksha Yadav, Aparna Sharma, Ranvijay Pratap Singh, Shashi Bala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1629
ending page: 1640
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.36010

Effect of Substituents at α- and β-Carbon Atoms on β-Elimination Reactions of N-Alkyl Pyrazoles: A Theoretical Approach
type: item
description: The present study investigates the effect of substituents at the α- and β-carbon atoms on the β-elimination reactions of N-alkyl pyrazoles using density functional theory (DFT). Five elimination pathways involving different substituent combinations, namely hydrogen, methyl and ethyl groups, were examined in detail to evaluate their influence on reaction energetics and transition-state characteristics. N-Ethyl pyrazole, N-sec-butyl pyrazole, N-tert-butyl pyrazole and N-tert-pentyl pyrazole were selected as model reactants, which upon β-elimination yielded the corresponding alkene along with pyrazole as the common product. The variations in ΔH values are observed among the five reactions. Substitution with all methyl group has significant effect on activation energy and energy of reaction. Interestingly, this study reveals that methyl and ethyl group have negative inductive effect on α- and β-carbon atoms. The results obtained in this work align well with the previous reported experimental kinetic study and demonstrates improved accuracy as compared to semi-empirical study. Moreover, this study sheds light on the mechanistic aspects of β-elimination reactions of N-alkyl pyrazoles and enhances academic knowledge on the effect of methyl and ethyl group in organic molecules.
creator: Sanjeev Kumar Mishra
creator: Jyoti Tyagi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sanjeev Kumar Mishra, Jyoti Tyagi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1556
ending page: 1564
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.36002

Computational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel 1H-Pyrrolizine Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
type: item
description: Licofelone is a 1H-pyrrolizine carboxylic acid based dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor, emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate due to its ability to simultaneous interference of both inflammatory pathways, but its clinical translation is restricted by its poor pharmacokinetics. The current research aims to design novel 1H-pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivatives with the intent to improve the pharmacokinetics and explore their anticancer potential. The docking analysis of the designed analogues showed potent binding with COX-2, 5-LOX and some other anticancer targets, especially indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), in comparison with parent molecule. A synthetic procedure was developed and optimised for the synthesis of designed compounds followed by assessing their anticancer potential by performing an MTT assay. The obtained results have concluded that the designed licofelone-derived pyrrolizine analogues revealed that structural modifications with different amino acid conjugates significantly influenced their anticancer activity with compound 8b and 8c exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against PANC-1 cells with IC50 values of 1.7 ± 0.2 µM and 1.4 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. These molecules can be further used to develop novel anticancer therapeutics post preclinical and clinical validation.
creator: Subhash Chander
creator: Karan Goel
creator: Katarzyna Wanke
creator: Mateusz Kciuk
creator: Renata Kontek
creator: Thakur Gurjeet Singh
creator: Somdutt Mujwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Subhash Chander, Karan Goel, Katarzyna Wanke, Mateusz Kciuk, Renata Kontek, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Somdutt Mujwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1652
ending page: 1662
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35929

Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazole–1,2,3-Triazole Hybrid Derivatives as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents
type: item
description: The development of multifunctional heterocyclic hybrids offers a promising strategy for novel therapeutic discovery. In this study, a series of imidazole–triazole derivatives incorporating a 6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxole moiety were designed and synthesised and their structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The synthesised compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells, cytotoxicity toward NIH/3T3 normal cells and antimicrobial activity against selected strains. Among them, compound 6f displayed the highest cytotoxic potency, while compounds 6d, 6e and 6i also demonstrated significant activity. Structure–activity relationship studies indicated that both electronic and steric properties of substituents strongly influence biological activity, with electron-withdrawing groups generally enhancing anticancer potency. Molecular docking studies against the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain (PDB ID: 6LUD) revealed favourable ligand–protein interactions and compound 6f exhibited the highest binding affinity with a docking score of -9.4 kcal/mol and hydrogen bond interaction with SER797. The docking protocol was validated with an RMSD value of 1.12 Å using the co-crystallised ligand osimertinib. The obtained results suggest that these imidazole–triazole hybrids may serve as promising lead molecules for further optimisation and biological investigation as potential anticancer agents.
creator: Potharaju Sunil Kumar
creator: Rambabu Bhukya
creator: Goli J. Rupasree
creator: Nampally Rajitha
creator: Nalaparaju Nagaraju
creator: Ramchander Jadhav
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Potharaju Sunil Kumar, Rambabu Bhukya, Goli J. Rupasree, Nampally Rajitha, Nalaparaju Nagaraju, Ramchander Jadhav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1619
ending page: 1628
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35912

Design and Synthesis of Novel Hydrazone-Linked 1,2,3-Triazole-Pyrazole Derivatives: In vitro Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Studies
type: item
description: A series of novel hydrazone-linked 1,2,3-triazole-pyrazole derivatives (7a-l) were rationally designed and synthesised through an efficient multistep synthetic strategy. The key intermediates were constructed via diazotisation–azidation followed by cycloaddition to generate the 1,2,3-triazole core, which was further functionalised to afford the target hydrazone derivatives. Final compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Antiproliferative screening against selected human cancer cell lines revealed that compounds bearing electron-withdrawing substituents exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to electron-donating analogues. Among the synthesised derivatives, 7d (p-Cl) and 7c (p-NO2) exhibited the lowest IC50 values against the MCF-7 cell line (0.10 and 0.55 µM, respectively), comparable to doxorubicin (0.92 µM) under the same conditions. In antibacterial assays, halogen and fluoro-substituted derivatives demonstrated comparatively improved activity, with compounds 7b, 7d, 7i and 7k showing notable potency. Antifungal evaluation revealed that nitro-, fluoro- and methoxy-substituted analogues, particularly 7c, 7e and 7f, displayed enhanced activity against the tested strains. Molecular docking studies suggested favourable binding interactions with selected biological targets. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that hydrazone-linked 1,2,3-triazole-pyrazole hybrids act as promising scaffolds for further optimisation toward anticancer and antimicrobial applications.
creator: Potharaju Sunil Kumar
creator: Rambabu Bhukya
creator: Chandulal Bhukya
creator: Nampally Rajitha
creator: Goli J. Rupasree
creator: Nalaparaju Nagaraju
creator: Ramchander Jadhav
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Potharaju Sunil Kumar, Rambabu Bhukya, Chandulal Bhukya, Nampally Rajitha, Goli J. Rupasree, Nalaparaju Nagaraju, Ramchander Jadhav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1324
ending page: 1332
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35287

Molecular Design and Characterisation of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanogel Sponges for Controlled Glutathione Release and Wound Healing
type: item
description: The development of sustainable, bio-based polymeric materials with controlled release functionality is of growing interest for advanced wound-healing applications. In this study, a hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanogel sponge scaffold incorporating glutathione (GSH) loaded chitosan nanogels was rationally designed using ionic gelation followed by freeze-drying. This green and mild fabrication strategy enabled the stabilisation of the redox-active thiol functionality of GSH while generating a hierarchically porous HA sponge architecture. Comprehensive physico-chemical characterisation using UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed successful molecular integration, preservation of functional groups, nanoscale uniformity, interconnected porosity and satisfactory thermal and colloidal stability. The scaffold exhibited a controlled, diffusion-driven swelling profile, supporting sustained moisture retention under simulated wound conditions. In vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of bovine serum albumin and egg albumin denaturation, along with significant red blood cell membrane stabilisation, with higher concentrations approaching the activity of the reference drug. These findings demonstrate that HA-GSH nanogel sponges represent a sustainably engineered, redox-responsive polymer system capable of providing structural support, controlled molecular release and anti-inflammatory functionality. This study contributes to the advancement of bio-based polysaccharide materials and green nanogel synthesis related to health, responsible production and materials innovation.
creator: Sneha Panneerselvam
creator: Safiq Hussain Jahir
creator: Lisha Kumar
creator: Kiruthika Ganesan
creator: Renukadevi Jeyavelkumaran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sneha Panneerselvam, Safiq Hussain Jahir, Lisha Kumar, Kiruthika Ganesan, Renukadevi Jeyavelkumaran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1212
ending page: 1220
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35079

Structural, Optical, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Hydrothermally Synthesised CuO–WO3 Heterojunction Nanocomposite
type: item
description: Nanostructured pure CuO and CuO-WO3 heterojunction composites were synthesised using a hydrothermal technique. The materials were analysed by XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, EDX and FTIR to determine their physico-chemical properties. Monoclinic crystal structure and heterojunction composite that developed between the synthesised CuO and WO3 are indicated. The photocatalytic activity was investigated via the degradation of methylene blue under visible light, where the CuO–WO3 nanocomposite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to the unmodified nanostructured CuO. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite material is attributed to the suppressed recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs under visible-light irradiation and the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated by the presence of WO3. The antibacterial performance of the prepared materials was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In comparison to unmodified CuO, the CuO–WO3 nanocomposite demonstrated superior antibacterial activity due to better surface deposition and ROS-mediated bacterial cell membrane destruction, which was attributed to the interaction of the generated ROS with the cell membranes of bacteria. The enhanced performance is attributed to improved interfacial charge transfer, heterojunction-induced carrier separation and increased surface-active sites. The CuO–WO3 system demonstrates the significance of interfacial engineering and phase coupling in tailoring functional properties. These findings highlight the potential of such oxide-based composites as multifunctional agents for advanced environmental and antimicrobial applications.
creator: Rajendra Prasad Jakkula
creator: Domala Suresh
creator: Srinivasa Rao Konda
creator: Ramyashree Raghavapuram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rajendra Prasad Jakkula, Domala Suresh, Srinivasa Rao Konda, Ramyashree Raghavapuram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1095
ending page: 1104
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35451

Isolation, Characterisation and in silico Studies of Bioactive Terpenoid and Flavonoid from the Seeds of Mucuna pruriens
type: item
description: In this work, new bioactive terpenoids (1-2) and flavonoid (3) have been isolated from the chloroform extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds have been studied. Compound 2 showed the highest inhibition value (16.0 ± 0.5 mm) against S. aureus and (19.3 ± 0.6 mm) against B. subtilis. Compound 2 also exhibited significant antifungal activities with inhibition value (16.0 ± 0.6) mm and (6.0 ± 1.0) mm against T. harzianum and A. niger, respectively. Molecular docking studies and ADME prediction of the compounds were performed. Compound 2 showed good binding affinity ranging between -7.5 to -7.6 kcal/mol with targeted receptors.
creator: Ranajit Kumar Sutradhar
creator: Pair Ahmed
creator: Md. Sakhaoyat Hossain
creator: Md. Nazrul Islam
creator: Md. Emdad Hossain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ranajit Kumar Sutradhar, Pair Ahmed, Md. Sakhaoyat Hossain, Md. Nazrul Islam, Md. Emdad Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1087
ending page: 1094
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35289

Phytochemical Screening and FTIR Characterisation of Ultrasonic Assisted Methanolic Extract of Chlorococcum humicola: Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities
type: item
description: This study investigates the phytochemical composition and evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of an ultrasonic-assisted methanolic extract (UAME) obtained from the double mutant Chlorococcum humicola MCH4 cultivated in ultrasonically pretreated municipal wastewater (UPMWW). Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed a broader spectrum of bioactive compounds in the mutant strain compared with the wild strain C. humicola KMS2, in which glycosides, tannins and phytosterols were absent. Quantitative analysis showed high total phenolic content (59.47 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid content (62.47 ± 0.12 mg QE/g DW) and total carotenoids (4.11 mg/g), confirming the enriched phytochemical profile of C. humicola MCH4. Based on these results, the UAME of the mutant strain was selected for further biological evaluation. The extract exhibited notable radical-scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 values of approximately 50 µg/mL. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation (IC50 ≈ 59.4 µg/mL), proteinase activity (IC50 ≈ 57.0 µg/mL) and lipoxygenase activity (IC50 ≈ 55.2 µg/mL), indicating promising preliminary activity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and aliphatic functional groups associated with phenolics, proteins, lipids, carotenoids and carbohydrates. The results indicate that the double mutant C. humicola MCH4 cultivated in UPMWW serves as a sustainable and promising source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields.
creator: E. Vanitha
creator: K. Dhandayuthapani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 E. Vanitha, K. Dhandayuthapani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1020
ending page: 1026
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35080

Phytochemical and Trace Metal Analysis of Agave Leaves Used in Cosmetics from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
type: item
description: The global preference for natural, bioactive cosmetics has increased interest in plant-based ingredients rich in phytochemicals and essential trace minerals. This study examined the phytochemical composition and trace metal content of Agave angustifolia (AA) and Agave sisalana (AS) leaves from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to evaluate their potential as raw materials for cosmetics. Methanolic leaf extracts were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively for phytochemical components using UV-visible spectrophotometry, while functional groups were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Agilent Cary 630 FTIR). Trace metal levels were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer NexION® 350 X ICP-MS). Qualitative screening confirmed the presence of key phytochemical classes, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds. Quantitative tests showed high levels of phenolics (AA: 771 ppm; AS: 691 ppm), flavonoids (AA: 1280 ppm; AS: 1895 ppm) and tannins (AA: 1378 ppm; AS: 1963 ppm), indicating strong antioxidant potential. Low ascorbic acid levels (0.09-0.13 ppm) suggest limited vitamin C contribution. The high phenolic and flavonoid contents imply the extracts possess significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for formulations targeting photoageing, irritation and acne-prone skin. ICP-MS analysis identified eleven trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn), including essential micronutrients (Zn, Cu and Se), which support collagen synthesis, wound healing and antioxidant defence. The analysis also identified skin sensitizers such as Co and Cr, along with toxic elements like Cd and As, though their levels remained within regulatory limits. However, Pb and Ni were found to slightly exceed the permissible limits set by the European Union and Health Canada. These findings highlight the phytochemical richness and mineral diversity of A. angustif…
creator: Matthew C. Achilonu
creator: Ntombikayise G. Mkhize
creator: S’busiso M. Nkosi
creator: Xolile V. Ngubane
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Matthew C. Achilonu, Ntombikayise G. Mkhize, S’busiso M. Nkosi, Xolile V. Ngubane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 852
ending page: 862
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35298

Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Ficus carica Latex from the West Bank, Palestine
type: item
description: Ficus carica, commonly known as the fig tree, is widely cultivated across many regions of the world, particularly in the Middle East, due to its nutritional, medicinal and economic importance. The latex of this tree is a milky white sap that can be found in all tissues, particularly the unripen leaves and fruits. In this study, fig latex collected from the West Bank of Palestine was extracted using 100% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 80% methanol and ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity assessed by the DPPH assay showed high inhibition for 80% methanol (79.5 ± 1.4%) and 70% ethanol (71.1 ± 1.5%), moderate inhibition for 100% ethanol (66.3 ± 1.6%) and low inhibition for ethyl acetate (20.2 ± 1.3%), compared with vitamin C (94.0 ± 1.5%). Antibacterial testing revealed activity of the 70% ethanol extract against Escherichia coli only, with no activity against Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis. HPLC analysis identified gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin and trace levels of sinapic acid and chrysin.
creator: Fuad Al-Rimawi
creator: Aya Mahamda
creator: Wadie Sultan
creator: Michel Hanania
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fuad Al-Rimawi, Aya Mahamda, Wadie Sultan, Michel Hanania https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1613
ending page: 1618
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35994

Measurements of L1 and L2 Subshell Fluorescence Yields for Dy at 22.6 keV Incident Photon Energy
type: item
description: The L1 and L2 subshell fluorescence yields have been deduced from the measured cross sections for production of Ll, Lα, Lβ1,4, Lβ3,6, Lβ2,15,9,10,7, Lγ1,5 and Lγ2,3,4 x-rays of Dy66 at 22.6 keV incident photon energy. These measurements were performed using a sealed point (3mm φ) radioactive source of Cd109 (20 mCi) as a photon source and Peltier cooled x-ray detector arranged in reflection geometry. The present deduced values of fluorescence yields are compared with the DHS model based theoretical values, the semi-empirical values, and those recommended by Campbell.
creator: Anil Kumar
creator: Sanjiv Puri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S314
ending page: 317

Li(i=1-3) sub-shell X-ray Relative Intensities for some Elements
type: item
description: The intensity ratios, ILk / ILα1 (k = l,η,α2 ,β1,β2,15 ,β3 ,β4 ,β5,7 ,β6 ,β9,10 ,γ1,5 ,γ6,8 ,γ2,3 ,γ4 ) have been evaluated for some elements with 36≤Z≤92 at incident photon energies ranging EL1 < Einc ≤ 200 keV using currently considered to be more reliable theoretical data sets of different physical parameters, namely, the RHFS model based Li(i=1-3) sub-shell photoionisation cross sections, the DF model based X-ray emission rates and the DHS model based fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields. The important features pertaining to dependence of the calculated intensity ratios on the incident photon energy and atomic number (Z) have been discussed.
creator: Anil Kumar
creator: Yogeshwar Chauhan
creator: Sanjiv Puri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S309
ending page: 313

Abnormal reversal of V/R ratio of Hα line in the shell star HD 142983
type: item
description: In this communication we report the spectroscopic observations of Hα line profiles of HD 142983. The star showed very interesting behavior at Hα line. The Hα line was found to be strongly in emission displaying two emission peaks. The V emission component of the line was found to be much stronger than the R emission component.We have also collected other available data on Hα line from the literature to explore the variation of this line. Our data combined with others exhibited very interesting behavior. During the year 2001 the V component was smaller than the R component (i.e. V/R<1); during 2003 the V and R components became almost equal (i.e. V/R~1) and during 2004 the V component became larger than the R component (i.e. V/R>1). Our present investigation shows that during the period 2001-2007, this star underwent an abnormal reversal of V/R ratio. From the line profiles we have measured the important parameters like: equivalent width (W), Ip/Ic ratio and V/R ratio.
creator: Nardeep Kumar
creator: B.S. Salaria
creator: P.S. Goraya
creator: H.S. Ghumman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S305
ending page: 308

A Gamma Scattering Technique for Inspecting Density Variation
type: item
description: Compton scattering, strongly depends on the electron density of the scattering medium (and in turn its mass density), is a viable tool for inspecting material. The aim of the present work is to investigate the feasibility of using gamma-ray scattering to inspect density variation in any object. A well collimated beam of 662 keV gamma-rays from 137Cs radioactive source has been used to extract the information of density variation for interior of sample by recording spectra with NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The results confirm that experimental resolution for density variation in the inspected object is quite good.
creator: Amandeep Sharma
creator: M.P. Singh
creator: Bhajan Singh
creator: B.S. Sandhu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S301
ending page: 304

Investigation of Electron Capture after- Effects and Environmental Changes in some Barium Compounds with 133Ba Nuclear Probe
type: item
description: Perturbed angular correlation parameters in various compounds of barium are measured to investigate influences of chemical and physio-chemical environments in the K-capture decay of 133Ba to 133Cs. It is found that the correlation coefficients of 356-81 keV cascade are attenuated purely as a matter of half-life (T1/2 = 6.36 ns) of 81 keV intermediate state and the electric field gradients available at the probe site. The results are a step forward to establish insignificance of after-affects preceding K-capture and K-conversion.
creator: S. S. Ghumman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S296
ending page: 300

Depth Dependence Radon Study in Indian Tube-Wells
type: item
description: Radon a radioactive gas arising from decay of 226Ra, has been recognized to be one of the major contributors to the natural radiation. In the present investigations, measurements of radon and its progeny were carried out under ground in Indian tube-wells at different depths situated at A.M.U., Aligarh (U.P) India. The twin chamber dosimeter cups were fixed for exposure at a depth of 5 to 35 feet with difference of 5 feet from the surface at three different locations. After exposure, the detectors were retrieved, etched and analyzed in the laboratory for the calculation of radon and its progeny. All the values of the radon concentration presents in this paper are higher than the action level (200-600 Bq.m-3) as recommended by ICRP.
creator: M. Shakir Khan
creator: A. H. Naqvi
creator: Ameer Azam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S292
ending page: 295

Comparative Evaluation of UV / Solar Light Induced Photode gradation of Azo Dye in Aqueous Solutions
type: item
description: In present study, photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7), an anionic dye has been investigated in a batch reactor using titania P-25 (surface area: 50 m2/g) as a photocatalyst under UV/Solar light in slurry mode. The variables studied include catalyst dose, solution pH and dye concentration. The degradation rate of AO7 was favorable at pH 2. Optimum value of catalyst dose was found to be 1g/l. The disappearance of AO7 obeyed first order kinetics and the value of the rate constant k was 1.1 X 10-4 S-1. COD analysis revealed the mineralization of AO7 on TiO2 surface. The complete degradation of AO7 was achieved in 15 h under UV irradiation, whereas under solar light, AO7 was degraded completely in 55 minutes only.
creator: Priti Bansal
creator: Damanjit Singh
creator: Dhiraj Sud
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S287
ending page: 291

Study of CK Enhancement Factors for Oxygen Induced L Subshell X-rays in Lanthanum Series (58 ≤ Z ≤ 70)
type: item
description: CK Enhancement Factor (kα,l, kβ and kγ) has been studied for Lanthanum series (58 ≤ Z ≤ 70) with oxygen as projectile in the energy range of 1.5 - 3.5 MeV. It is observed that by changing projectile energy, there is a change in enhancement factor for all the elements. While studying the variation of enhancement factor with atomic number (Z) and the energy of projectile element, it is found that there is an irregular trend in the variation of enhancement factor. The maximum value of enhancement factor is 2.3126 in Nd (Z=60) at 1.5 MeV energy. In all the elements there is a decrease in the enhancement factor with increase in energy of projectile. The value of kα,l enhancement factor is found to be maximum in all cases followed by kβ and kγ.
creator: Manoj Kumar Gupta
creator: Baltej Singh Sidhu
creator: K. S. Kahlon
creator: A. S. Dhaliwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S284
ending page: 286

Study of Neutron Induced Modification on Optical Band Gap of CR-39 Polymeric Detector
type: item
description: Neutron- irradiation effects on optical absorption of solid-state nuclear track detector, CR-39 was studied for the various fluences ranging from 2.38x106 to 2.7x108 n/cm2 by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 200-700nm were recorded for the pristine and the neutron irradiated samples in the above fluence range. The UV-visible spectra shows a shift in the absorbance edge towards the higher wavelength, which can be correlated to the transition involved in the CR-39 polymer and variation in the band gaps (Eg) using Tauc’s expression. Both the indirect and direct band gap in pristine and neutron irradiated CR-39 have been studied, it is interesting to note that the values of indirect band gap found to be lower then the corresponding values of the direct band gap. Indirect and direct bandgap of pristine and exposed CR-39 was found increasing with increasing fluences. However values of the indirect band gap found lower than that of direct band gap. A decrease in the optical energy gap with increasing fluence can be discussed on the basis of neutron-irradiation defects in CR-39 and the numbers of carbon atoms in a cluster were determined from UV-visible spectra of the neutron irradiated samples, using Tauc’s expression.
creator: Vijay Kumar
creator: R.G. Sonkawade
creator: A.S. Dhaliwal
creator: Rohit Mehra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S279
ending page: 283

Indoor Radiation Levels Enhanced by Underground Radon Diffusion
type: item
description: The indoor radiation exposure to humans is mainly due to radioactive radon gas and emissions from building construction materials. Its transport mechanism therefore calls for innovative investigations. There are three main factors of radon entrance in to a building environment are: a) Emission of radon from building materials used in construction b) By convection through cracks and openings in the building and c) Diffusion from soil through pore space of construction materials. The transport phenomenon of radon through diffusion is a significant contributor to indoor radon entry. The diffusion of radon in dwellings is a process mainly determined by the radon concentration gradient across the building material structure between the radon source and the surrounding air. Keeping this in mind the radon diffusion studies have been made through soil, brick powder and cement. Simultaneously the indoor radon levels have been measured in dwellings with cemented, bricks and soil flooring.
creator: A. K. Narula
creator: R.S. Saini
creator: S. K. Goyal
creator: R. P. Chauhan
creator: S. K. Chakarvarti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S275
ending page: 278

Activity Measurements and Dependence of Radon Exhalation Rate on Physical Sample Parameters in Soil Samples
type: item
description: The measurements of radon concentration and exhalation rates usually consist of measurements of radon contents in an emanation chamber (can) containing a certain sample of material under investigation as a function of radon growth time. The procedure seems to be simple. However, results of radon exhalation rates measurement of the same investigated material strongly depend on physical sample parameters and that is why the results from different laboratories usually differ. In the present paper, we have reported on some factors such as sample mass and sample granulation on the radon exhalation rate measurements. To investigate the effect of above mentioned factors, we have used can technique.
creator: Rashmi
creator: K. Kant
creator: G.S. Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S271
ending page: 274

Empirical Relations for Matrix Effects in Synthetic Thick Samples Comprising Low Z Elements
type: item
description: In x-ray fluorescence, matrix effects disturb the proportionality between characteristic x-ray intensity of an element and its amount in the sample. To find relations for matrix effects of thick samples comprising low Z elements, the absorption term1 for selective analyte ‘a’ x-rays and enhancement term1 for analyte ‘c’ x-rays in the presence of enhancer a in the sample are experimentally evaluated and empirically correlated with elemental amounts in a category of samples. The correlations are independent of measured x-ray counts.
creator: Meenakhi Bansal
creator: Raj Mittal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S264
ending page: 270

Coster-Kronig Corrected Experimental and Theoretical Alignment Parameter for Tungsten-a Comparison
type: item
description: An attempt has been made to study the effect of Coster-Kronig (CK) fij correction on alignment parameter (A20) calculated by measuring angular distribution of L x-rays of tungsten (W) in the angular range 0° to 120° at 17.781 keV, the energy that is above L1 edge of W where CK transitions shift the vacancies from L1 and L2 states to L3 state. The experimental CK corrected alignment parameter is compared with the same calculated using non-relativistic dipole approximation in a point Coulomb potential. It is found that the value of alignment is increased by ~32 % of its value by including this CK correction in experimental calculations.
creator: Ajay Sharma
creator: Raj Mittal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S259
ending page: 263

Contribution of CK Transfer to Proton induced L Subshell X-Ray Production Cross-Sections for Direct and Indirect Vacancies
type: item
description: The contribution of CK transfer to the proton induced L subshell X-ray production cross-sections due to both direct and indirect vacancies has been determined for the elements Pb & Th at incident proton energies ranging from 1 MeV to 10 MeV. The contribution for direct vacancies (without K to L transfer) was estimated by calculating the X-ray production cross-sections in absence of CK transfer, while for indirect vacancies, it was assumed that the L subshell X-rays were emitted only due to vacancies transferred from K to Li subshells. It has been observed that for X-rays resulting from direct vacancies, the contribution of CK transfer initially decreases with increase in energy and thereafter increases in both the cases. This contribution has been found to be up to 20% & 17% in Pb and Th respectively for Ll & Lα X-ray groups. In case of X-rays from indirect vacancies, there was no regular trend at lower energies and thereafter the contribution becomes almost constant.
creator: Rohit Thakkar
creator: N. Singh
creator: K. L. Allawadhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S254
ending page: 258

Various Types of Hα Emissions and Absorptions in Be/Shell Stars
type: item
description: Among the Be stars, one distinguishes two types of spectra. The term Be/Shell used here is to designate the set of stars showing spectra of either of these two types: (i) Be spectrum and (ii) Be shell spectrum. In the Be spectrum, emission line either shows no reversal or a more or less central reversal. In the Be shell spectrum, Balmer lines and singly ionized lines exhibit narrow and deep absorption core, which may or may not be broadened by emission wings. In the present investigation we are reporting the spectroscopic observations of 14 Be/shell stars. The Hα line profiles of different stars possess various shapes. Most of the Be/shell stars exhibit very strong single peaked emission at Hα line. Four stars show strong double peaked asymmetrical Hα emission. Two of these programme stars display asymmetrical deep broad absorption with shallow limb towards the long ward wavelength. Other two objects show strong central absorption with two emission components. From the line profiles we have also measured the parameters like: equivalent width (W) and Ip/Ic ratio.
creator: H. S. Ghumman
creator: B. S. Salaria
creator: Nardeep Kumar
creator: P. S. Goraya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S250
ending page: 253

Energy, Charge and Z Dependence of Carbon (I.E.C+Q Where Q=1,2,3)Projectile Induced L Sub Shell X-Ray Intensity Ratios in Au, Tl, Bi, Th and U Elements
type: item
description: Energy, charge and Z dependence of L shell X-ray intensity ratios in the energy range 0.9 MeV to 15 MeV has been investigated in Au, Tl, Bi, Th and U for incident carbon (i.e. C+q where q=1,2,3 ) projectile. The intensity ratios Il/Iγ, Iα/Iγ and Iβ/Iγ first decreases with increase in energy, attain minimum value and then start increasing. The minimum value of Il/Iγ and Iα/Iγ falls in the energy range (0.9MeV to 3MeV) and of Iβ/Iγ in the energy range 6MeV to 15MeV for all elements. It has also been investigated that for a particular energy and Z, values of Il/Iγ, Iα/Iγ and Iβ/Iγ increases with decrease in value of charge (q). Similarly for particular energy and charge, values of Il/Iγ, Iα/Iγ and Iβ/Iγ increases with increase in Z value. Also a comparison has been made among the intensity ratios evaluated using two different sets of parameters i.e. (fluorescence yield ωi where i=1,2,3 for L1, L2 and L3 sub shells and Coster Kronig transitions fij where i,j=1,2,3 for L1, L2 and L3 sub shells ) given by Krause et al and Campbell.
creator: Baltej Singh Sidhu
creator: Manoj Kumar Gupta
creator: K. S. Mann
creator: K. S. Kahlon
creator: A. S. Dhaliwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S246
ending page: 249

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Pb-Sn Alloys by Scattering of 145 Kev Gamma Rays
type: item
description: The objective of present experiment is to assign effective atomic number (Zeff) to solders (alloys of lead and tin) having different composition of tin. An HPGe semiconductor detector, placed at 70o to the incident beam, detects gamma photons scattered from the sample under investigation. The experiment is performed on various elements with atomic number satisfying, 6 ≤ Z ≤ 82, for 145 keV incident photons. The agreement of measured values of Zeff with theory is quite satisfactory.
creator: M.P. Singh
creator: Amandeep Sharma
creator: Bhajan Singh
creator: B.S. Sandhu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S242
ending page: 245

Investigations of Energy Dependence of Saturation Thickness of Multiply Backscattered Gamma Photons in Carbon
type: item
description: In Compton scattering experiments employing thick targets one observes that the numbers of multiply backscattered photons increases with increase in target thickness and then saturate at a particular target thickness called saturation thickness. In present experiment the measured saturation thickness for multiply backscattering of gamma photons is found to be decreasing with increase in energy of incident gamma photons.
creator: Arvind D. Sabharwal
creator: B. S. Sandhu
creator: Bhajan Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S237
ending page: 241

Total Bremsstrahlung Cross-Section for Al, Ti, Sn and Pb at Incident Electron Energy of 10 keV, 50 keV and 100 keV
type: item
description: The total bremsstrahlung cross-sections which include the contribution of Polarization bremsstrahlung (PB) into ordinary bremsstrahlung (OB) for Al, Ti, Sn and Pb for an incident electron of energy 10 keV, 50 keV and 100 keV were studied. In these calculations, theories of Elwert corrected (non-relativistic) Bethe-Heitler theory (1939), Avdonina and Pratt (1999) and Amusia (1985) were compared. The theory of Amusia (1985) was modified by introducing the factors of modified Elwert factor and higher order Born correction factor. Bethe-Heitler theory (1939) describes ordinary bremsstrahlung (OB) however Avdonina and Pratt (1999) and Amusia (1985) included the contribution of Polarization bremsstrahlung (PB) into ordinary bremsstrahlung (OB). From the comparison of these theories, it was found that for high Z element the total bremsstrahlung cross-sections calculated by the modified Amusia (1985) and Avdonina and Pratt (1999) theories were higher by 10-30% from the Elwert corrected (non-relativistic) Bethe-Heitler theory at 1 keV and 3 keV photon energies respectively. At higher photon energies the modified Amusia theory is more accurate. However, it was found that for low Z element the Avdonina and Pratt theory is more accurate particularly at lower photon energy. The deviation of bremsstrahlung cross-sections among the different theories indicates the importance of polarization bremsstrahlung in the bremsstrahlung process.
creator: Tajinder Singh
creator: K. S. Kahlon
creator: A. S. Dhaliwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S233
ending page: 236

Interaction of gamma ray photons with some biological samples
type: item
description: Gamma ray interaction with some biological samples such as bone, chlorophyll, cholesterol, flesh, glucose, haemoglobin, muscle and uric acid has been investigated at some incident photon energies, which are available from commonly used gamma ray sources such as Am241, Ba133, Hg203, Na22, Cs137, Mn54, Zn65 and Co60. In this energy range (59.54 - 1332 keV), Compton scattering is a dominant photon interaction process. The gamma ray photon interaction with biological samples has been visualized mainly in terms of mass attenuation coefficients and energy absorption buildup factors. From the present investigations, it has been concluded that while exposing large dimensional biological sample to the lower energy incident photons, care must be taken for buildup of the photons.
creator: Paramjeet Kaur
creator: Tejbir Singh
creator: Parjit S. Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S229
ending page: 232

Investigations of Building Materials as Gamma Ray Shielding Materials
type: item
description: To check the feasibility of the use of some building materials such as cement, plaster of paris, lime and sand as gamma ray shielding materials, some parameters of dosimetric interest has been investigated at some incident photon energies (59.54 to 1332 keV). The photon interaction with building materials has been discussed mainly in terms of mass attenuation coefficients and exposure buildup factors. From the present investigations, it has been concluded that among the selected materials, lime acts as best gamma ray shielding material, due to its higher values for mass attenuation coefficient and least values for exposure buildup factor in the selected energy range.
creator: Tejbir Singh
creator: Paramjeet Kaur
creator: Parjit S. Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S225
ending page: 228

Elemental Analysis of Ash using X-Ray Fluorescence Technique
type: item
description: In thermal plants, when pulverized coal is burnt to generate heat, the residue contains 80 per cent fly ash and 20 per cent bottom ash. The ash is carried away through chimney and collected at economizer, air pre-heater and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hoppers. We analyze the coal fly ash samples by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. In the present analysis, we observed that the major elements present in the ash samples are Si, Al & Fe and the other minor constituents are Ti, P, S, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Zn & Sr. The elemental analysis of these samples will be informative to use the fly ash for various applications such as cement manufacturing, ceramic production and as a secondary source in recovery of valuable elements.
creator: Prakash Chand
creator: Ashavani Kumar
creator: Anurag Gaur
creator: S.K. Mahna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S220
ending page: 224

A Comparative Study on the Influence of IR Radiations to Some Polymers
type: item
description: In the last decade, many efforts have been made in modifying the surface and bulk properties of polymers by the use of various radiations such as UV and IR radiations, plasmas, flame, corona, electron beams and ion beams etc. The present work deals with the changes induced to CR-39 and PET polymers by IR irradiation. The modifications induced in the polymers due to IR irradiation have been analyzed with the help of XRD and UV-visible spectra of the pristine and IR irradiated polymers and a brief mechanism has been suggested, where ever possible. It has been found that CR-39 is more sensitive towards the radiations as compared to PET.
creator: Sangeeta Prasher
creator: Meenakshi Narwal
creator: Shaveta Rana
creator: Mukesh Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S216
ending page: 219

Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in Brick Samples Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
type: item
description: The activity concentrations of primordial radio nuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K)have been determined for the brick samples of Jalandhar city of Punjab using HPGe detector based on high resolution gamma spectrometry system. The average activity concentration values of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from the studied samples are 21.38 Bq kg-1, 25.03 Bq kg-1 and 333.08 Bq kg-1 respectively. The average value of radium equivalent activity (Raeq) for studied brick samples is 80.48 Bq kg-1 which is less than the safe limit 370 Bq kg-1 recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) equivalent to external gamma dose of 1.5 mSvyr-1.
creator: Rohit Mehra
creator: Rajendra G Sonkawade
creator: Komal Badhan
creator: Surinder Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S212
ending page: 215

Use of Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Assessment of Natural Radioactive Dose in Some Samples of Building Materials
type: item
description: Samples of building materials (Granite, Bricks, Sand Stones) collected from Jalandhar area of Punjab have been analyzed for the primordial natural radionuclides viz. 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using HPGe detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. The calculated average values of the total absorbed dose are 253.91 nGyh-1, 74.86 nGyh-1 and 93.79 nGyh-1 for samples of granite, bricks and sandstones respectively. The average values of indoor and outdoor annual effective dose for the present study of samples of granite, bricks and sandstones are 1.25 mSv and 0.31 mSv, 0.37 mSv and 0.09 mSv and 0.46 mSv and 0.12 mSv respectively. The calculated average value of the radium equivalent activity (Raeq) for samples of bricks and sandstones are less and this value is higher for the granite samples than the safe limit (370Bq kg-1) recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
creator: Komal Badhan
creator: Rohit Mehra
creator: Rajendra G Sonkawade
creator: Surinder Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S207
ending page: 211

Directional Compton Profiles and Energy Bands of Palladium
type: item
description: The directional Compton profiles of palladium along [100] and [110] directions have been measured using 100 mCi 241Am Compton spectrometer. The theoretical Compton profiles and energy bands have been computed using hybridisation of Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. Except some fine structures, the energy bands are in good agreement with the available data. The measured anisotropy is found to be smaller than the present calculations and the available augmented plane wave and linear combination of Gaussian type orbitals based profiles. The experimental profiles are interpreted in terms of energy bands of Pd and Fermi surface topology.
creator: Gopal Choudhary
creator: N.L. Heda
creator: G. Ahmed
creator: V. Raykar
creator: B.K. Sharma
creator: B.L. Ahuja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S203
ending page: 206

Nature of Bonding in Chromium Chalcogenides: A Compton Profile Study
type: item
description: We present the nature of bonding in chromium chalcogenides (CrX; X = S and Se) using equal-valence-electron-density (EVED) Compton profiles. For the Compton measurements, we have used 20 Ci 137Cs Compton spectrometer. We have also computed the Compton profiles using Hartree Fock (HF) and B3LYP schemes. The experimental EVED profiles suggest more localisation of charge in CrSe in comparison to CrS in the bonding direction. It is concluded that CrSe has more covalent character than that of CrS.
creator: L. Vadkhiya
creator: N. L. Heda
creator: Alpa Dashora
creator: B. L. Ahuja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S199
ending page: 202

Electronic Structure of TaC using Compton Scattering Technique
type: item
description: The first ever Compton profile of polycrystalline tantalum carbide has been measured using 137Cs isotope. The results are compared with theoretical ionic Compton profiles and pseudopotential approach within Hartree-Fock theory. We have also computed the density of states using Hartree-Fock theory. The computed density of states confirms the metallic like behaviour of this compound. It is seen that the theoretical profile with ionic arrangement Ta+2C2- gives a better agreement with the experimental Compton profile.
creator: Alpa Dashora
creator: L. Vadkhiya
creator: N.L. Heda
creator: Y. Sharma
creator: B.L. Ahuja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S195
ending page: 198

Radiation Hormesis in Humans Exposed to Low Level Ionizing Radiation
type: item
description: Through various researches and investigations it has been established that high doses of ionizing radiation are harmful to health. There is substantial controversy regarding the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation despite the large amount of work carried out (both laboratory and epidemiological). According to the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis, any amount, however small, of radiation is potentially harmful, even down to zero levels. The threshold hypothesis, on the other hand, emphasizes that below a certain threshold level of radiation exposure, any deleterious effects are absent. At the same time, there are strong arguments, both experimental and epidemiological, which support the radiation hormesis (beneficial effects of low-level ionizing radiation). These effects cannot be anticipated by extrapolating from harmful effects noted at high doses. The choice of the approximate dose-response model for use in estimating the health effects of small doses of ionizing radiation remains controversial. In the present work, a comprehensive study of the available literature, data and reports of various radiation exposure and protection studies is presented. In conclusion, we find that the radiation hormesis contradicts the predictions made by the LNT hypothesis regarding the health effects of ionizing radiation in the low dose region.
creator: Krishan Kant
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S188
ending page: 194

Spectroscopic Study of Four Members of Balmer Series in Be Stars
type: item
description: The present work is a part of our on-going “International Observing Campaign” to observe large number of bright Be stars. The spectra of Be stars is characterized mainly by the presence of emission lines in the central part of the first few members of the Balmer series of Hydrogen. Sometimes, these emission lines show no reversal; and on occasions central emission may get split up midway into two components by a depression, giving a double peaked shape. This emission at Balmer series may continue up to about H15 and even more; and after that absorption lines occur like normal B-star. In this communication we report the spectroscopic analysis of four members of Balmer series of Hydrogen in four Be stars. It is found that all the four Be stars show Hα line strongly in emission. Three stars show Hβ, Hγ, Hδ strongly in absorption with weak emission components. Only one star shows Hβ also strongly in emission with two components lying over the underlying absorption. We have also measured the parameter of the lines like: equivalent width (W).
creator: P.S. Goraya
creator: Nardeep Kumar
creator: B.S. Salaria
creator: H.S. Ghumman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S184
ending page: 187

Variation at Hα Emission Line in a Unique Be Star γ Cassiopeiae
type: item
description: The well known Be star γ Cassiopeiae (γ Cas) is being observed spectroscopically and photometrically for the last nearly one and half century. This star is a prototypical "classical" Be star which resulted in many new discoveries in Be phenomena. This was first B star with Balmer line emission, thus opening a new class of B stars called Be stars. Due to its unique and fascinating nature we plan to include this object in our regular observing program. In the present communication we report the Hα observations of this object. The spectrophotometric spectral scans of this star covering the Hα region in the wavelength range 6100 - 6900 Å are presented to explore the variations of Hα emission strength and shape of the line. The star displayed unusual behaviour at Hα emission line during the period of observations. Reversal of asymmetry from V>R to V<R along with the transformation from double-peaked emission to a single -peaked emission at Hα emission line has been explored on time-scales of about weeks. High time resolution observations show possible ultra-rapid variations in Hα emission strength and shape on time-scale of minutes to seconds.
creator: B.S. Salaria
creator: P.S. Goraya
creator: Nardeep Kumar
creator: H.S. Ghumman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S180
ending page: 183

Catalytic Functionalities of Palladium Supported on Zirconia Catalysts for Reductive-Amination of Phenol to Aniline
type: item
description: A series of active palladium species supported on zirconia, with varying Pd loadings (0.5-6 wt.%), were synthesised using the impregnation method and characterised through XRD, surface area and pore analysis, UV-DRS, XPS, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD and CO chemisorption. XRD patterns indicated the formation of a crystalline PdO phase for Pd loadings exceeding 2 wt.%. Pore size distribution analysis showed a decrease in both pore volume and diameter as Pd content increased. Moreover, the intensity ratio of the Pd 3d5/2 and Zr 3d5/2 XPS peaks exhibited a strong correlation with Pd dispersion values derived from CO chemisorption. UV-DRS and TPR analyses revealed the presence of two distinct palladium species on the ZrO2 support, including highly dispersed PdO species reduced at lower temperatures and bulk PdO species reduced at comparatively higher temperatures. The basicity of the catalysts increased with Pd loading, followed by a reduction at higher loadings. The findings indicate that the number of exposed surface Pd sites increases with increasing Pd loading, reaches a maximum at 2 wt.% Pd, and remains nearly constant at higher loadings. The catalytic activity for the vapour-phase reductive amination of phenol to aniline increased with Pd loading up to 2 wt.% and decreased at higher loadings, consistent with the observed trends in active Pd sites and surface basicity. The higher turnover frequency (TOF) for smaller Pd particles decreases with increasing particle size up to 3 nm and remains nearly constant for larger particles. The strong dependence of catalytic activity on Pd crystallite size confirms that the reductive amination of phenol proceeds as a structure-sensitive reaction.
creator: D. Naresh
creator: B. Viswanadham
creator: G. Vidya Sagar
creator: K.V.R. Chary
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Viswanadham Balaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: 1589
ending page: 1598
doi: 10.14233/ajchem.2026.35930

Low-Level Radiation Exposure to Some Industrial Workers
type: item
description: The industrial workers in units like thermal power plants, gas power plants, LPG bottling plant etc. are exposed everyday to varying amounts of low-level ionizing radiation emitted from radon and its progeny in the environment. These radiations are spontaneously emitted by naturally occurring radioactive material like 238U and 232Th, ever since their existence on earth. The radioactive radon in the atmosphere (indoor and outdoor), soil, ground water, oil and gas deposits contributes the largest fraction of the natural radiation dose to populations, enhanced interest exhibited in tracking its concentration is thus fundamental for radiation protection. In the present work, the annual effective doses received by the industrial workers working in some industrial units have been estimated. For these measurements we have used the alpha sensitive solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). The concentration of radon and annual effective doses has been calculated using recommendations from International commission on radiological protection (ICRP).
creator: R.P. Chauhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S176
ending page: 179

Study of Phonons in CaSiO3 Perovskite at Lower Mantle Pressure
type: item
description: CaSiO3 perovskite is thought to comprise between 6 and 12 weight % of the lower half of the earth’s transition zone and lower mantle (depths between 500 and 2900 km). Its structure throughout this regime is generally assumed to be cubic because x-ray diffraction studies have found no detectable deviation from Pm3m symmetry. Theoretical studies based on ionic models, periodic Hartree-Fock, and pseudopotential calculations have supported this picture. In this work, we are reporting the results of our theoretical investigation on the phonon properties of CaSiO3 in its cubic phase by using lattice dynamical simulation method based on de Launey angular force (DAF) constant model to understand the role of phonon in this system. The calculated zone center phonon frequencies agree well with available results.
creator: Harleen Kaur
creator: Ruby
creator: M. M. Sinha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S172
ending page: 175

Application of Nanostructures and New Nano particles as Advanced Biomaterials
type: item
description: The new nanomaterials have a much larger contact surface area than the existing micro materials by using the nanoparticle control technology. The recently developed nanostructures include nanoparticles, nanofibres and other nanomaterials like single enzyme nanoparticles (SEN) used for various applications in bioscience research from biosensors to new drug development, food, environmental monitoring, proteomics, and bio-marker analysis and in virus detection. Biological signal transducers are widely used for the manufacture of nanobiosensors. This paper briefly describes the various nanotechnologies developed and untied in the areas of bioscience research and environmental applications and regulations to be adopted for future nanocompanies.
creator: Surinder Singh Bhinder
creator: Pawan Dadra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S167
ending page: 171

Electronic-Ionic Conductivity in Molybdenum Oxide glasses Doped with Sodium ions
type: item
description: The conductivity of three glasses samples in 30Na2O-(70-x)MoO3-xP2O5 systems and two glass samples in 60%Na2O-40%P2O5 and 60% MoO3-40%P2O5 systems was investigated as a function of temperature. It is also found that conductivity for glasses containing higher percentage of sodium ions is predominantly ionic and in glasses containing higher percentage of molybdenum ions is predominantly electronic. For pure sodium phosphate glass or the glass containing lower concentration of molybdenum the plot of logσdc vs. 1000/T is almost linear, whereas for glasses containing increasing concentration of molybdenum ions the plots depart from linearity. These non-linear plots indicate a change in activation energy which suggests a contribution from electronic conduction. Ionic glasses exhibit only one conduction process and single activation energy in the whole temperature range. In transition metal oxide glasses with mobile cations, different conduction processes contribute to electronic conduction at different temperature ranges leading to different values of activation energy. Choosing proper doping levels allows one to tailor mixed conducting oxides.
creator: P. S. Tarsikka
creator: B. Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S162
ending page: 166

Structural Properties of NiO-CGO Composites Precursor Prepared via Combustion Synthesis Route
type: item
description: Solution combustion technique was used for the preparation of NiO-CGO (Ceria Gadolinia Oxide) composites – a precursor to SOFC anode by mixing cerium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate and nickel nitrate in stoichiometric ratio of composition Ce0.90Gd0.10O1.95 - 0.40 NiO. The concentration of glycine, was varied between 0.5 mole% to 1.6 mole% and its effect was studied on the crystallite size and agglomerate of resulting NiO-CGO composite. The products formed were characterized by XRD, SEM and Particle Size Analysis. The results showed that the composite precursor varied in combustion characteristics, crystallite size and agglomerated particle size depending on the concentration of the fuel.
creator: Pankaj Kalra
creator: Anirudh P. Singh
creator: Ajay Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S157
ending page: 161

Structural Characterization of fly ash doped lithium borate Glasses
type: item
description: Lithium borate glasses with fixed alkali content of 10 Mole % and different modifiers have been prepared. To compare the role of fly ash as a glass modifier the content of glass modifier PbO, Al2O3 have been kept same to 5 mole %. To investigate the structure FTIR and UV-VIS spectra of prepared samples have been taken. From optical data optical band gap and cutoff wavelength have been calculated. Density of prepared samples has been calculated by using Archimedes principle. Results have been compared with structure of binary lithium borate glass. This work can lead to future application of utilization and characterization of fly ash in glass forming materials.
creator: Jarnail Singh
creator: Gurmel Singh
creator: Neetu Chopra
creator: Gagandeep Singh
creator: Gopi Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 38
number: 6
starting page: S153
ending page: 156